SEPT/OCT ’85 $3.00
FOR THE T/S 2068 AND ALL OTHER
VOL.1 NO. 6 TIMEX AND SINCLAIR COMPUTERS US. FUNDS
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GRE AST INGE Was: GFOOcLR 220-66 0-W_-N ERS
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FINALLY !! Just the programs we've all been waiting for! These quality professionally written programs will help you to
learn machine code, Wachine Code Tutor consists of 33 lessons on two cassettes (loaded in four parts). The instructions
include actual examples and exercises to enable anyone with sone knowledge of BASIC (it helps) to learn machine code, The
system includes a simulated assembler that vill help you spot errors without actually crashing the program. All registers in
the 780 are fully covered for your TS2068. The manual that comes with Machine Code Tutor also is formated along the lines of
the programs on the tapes. This program (originally for the Spectrum) has been converted to work on your 2068 without the use
of a Spectrum ROM ! ORDER YOURS NOW ONLY = $18.50
(MACHINE LANGUAGE SPREADSHEET) OMNICALC 2 (MACHINE LANGUAGE SPREADSHEET)
QMNICALC2 is a spreadsheet analysis program designed to ake full use of the TS2068. It gives you access to a grid of
muabers which can be up to 99 columns across or 250 rows deep. All the wath functions of the 2068 can be used, making it easy
to build up sophisticated models for financial, engineering and aany other applications. You can even set up conditional
expressions, so that things such as tax, differential interest rates and variable overheads can be easily accomodated. $19.50
Please update your previous catalog (if you have one), or 4
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Any dubumatically).
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1 PERSONAL CLT 17.0 TRARY 10,9510 WES ASSEMBLER 17.501 LAOH 8.30
1 PRU/FILE 2008 14,30 AMUAPLANE 10.3512 BEALS MICRUDKLVE 144.30 1 ARDRUIDS (CASS) 5,00
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Grossing the streets watch out for thu
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SHLPFING AAD KAMKCENG AWAIT al LMT RUC ~A10.u0 (COMPLE ORUEK} wk DOW? si MME TUAS We TAD oe AR
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RRUAUAI 1) UMRAO YA
SEPT/OCT "85
VOL.1 NO. 6
TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE COMPANY
29722 Hult Rd.eColton, Oregon 97017
(503) 824-2658
Edttor: Tim Woods
Assistant Editor: Stephanie Woods
Photography: Tom Judd
Production: D.L. Woods
Contributors: Warren Fricke
Michael E. Carver
Ear! Dunnington
Dick Wagner
Dennis Jurries
Printed by: Toad'L Litho Printing and
Composition, Oregon City, OR
Time Designs Magazine is published bi-
monthly and ts copyrighted © 1985 by
the Time Designs Magazine Company.
Reproduction of this magazine In whole
or in part by any means without written
permission is prohibited by faw.
Subscriptions: $15 for one year (six
issues) In U.S. funds only. 3rd class
bulk rate postage Is pald for by T.D.M.C.
pernit no. 51, Colton, Oregon.
Notice: Contributors to Time Designs
are independent of the Time Designs
Magazine Company, and opinions ex-
pressed in the contents of the magazine
are not necessarily those of the
management. Time Designs Magazine Co.
will not be held [lable for any
damage or consequences resulting from
instructions provided in the magazine's
content.
INSIDE
Saas
Editor's Corner. ..sssesescsscscccrccces
Letters.........eeee
Bits And Pieces..
Pablo Pixel-0.. .
Adventures In The RAM Jungle.
A Monitor Adapter For The 1500...
Zebra Graphics Tablet.........
ZIP BASIC Compiler....
The Bookshelf.........+6--
Users Group Update..
2068/Spectrum Wares.
American Football...
The Shopping Mart...
UUEUUUAELETUGUVOEETELAYAQOAUOATEOUARAGU UOTE ELLOS
Cditors
Corner
This issue I want to take a minute,
and examine...just who are the people that
use Timex/Sinclair computers? For my re-
search, I conducted a very informal survey
from the subscription and correspondence
files of Time Designs Magazine. The re-
sults of this brief but non-scientific
study may not suprise you at all. There is
just about everybody represented from all
walks of life...Doctors, Dentists, Truck
Drivers, Students, Housewives, Teachers,
Factory Workers, Retired Persons, Small
Business Owners, Engineers and Corporate
Executives.
Many T/S users have 1000's or 2X81's.
Others have a 2068. A big percentage own
both models. The reasons for purchasing a
computer are also very diverse. They range
from the development of hardware and soft-
ware, educational applications, graphic
design, conducting business, learning to
program in BASIC, and most of all (every-
one included)...to have good, clean, and
honest to goodness fun!
I get a kick out of reading the com-
ments sent by one particular gentleman. He
states, "You know, I wouldn't trade my
little Sinclair for a truckload of Com-
modore or Atari's!"
Out of this large group of various
backgrounds and interests, there is one
thing in common. All have recognized what
a friendly and really good computer a T/S
is. It has been coined before, but the
title People's Computer is appropriate.
Just who are the people that use T/S
computers? It's people just like me and
you! Let's keep learning and sharing to-
gether.
Last issue, you may have noticed that
we didn't print any correspondence. Un-
forunately, we ran out of room. But here
and now, we will make up for it and in-
clude several notes and letters that were
oy
sent the past few months. We will print as«
many as possible, but if we didn't get to
yours, don't feel bad...just keep writing,
we will get around to yours too.
Re?
"“@ LETTERS
Direct all correspondence to: The Editor c/o Time Designs
29722 Hult Rd., Colton, OR 97017
"Thanks for the TASWORD TWO tips (in
the May/June 1985 issue). I have tried to
use these in my Tasword Two PROBLEM. When
I try to print double-spacing, ect; the
program locks up! I do not have infor-
mation for the 2040 printer per line feed,
baud rate, ect. Would you care to have
another article in TIME DESIGNS on the
subject?? I appreciate any and all infor-
mation on the T/S 2068. This area only has
about ten owners of the 2068, so we have
to rely on information such as T.D., for
this. I also subscribe to the CTM, which
is a very reliable publication.
Thanks for any help you and others
may care to impart for us!
Sincerely,
W.E. Walker
Huntington, WV
[Editor- TASWORD TWO is probably the best~
selling word processor for the 2068 to
date. We will print any useful tip that is
sent in. Hey Bill and Paul...have you dis-
covered anything new?]
“Just a note to let you know that I
am very pleased with the issue that has
started my subscription. Also, I commend
you on your feelings towards the use of
manila envelopes (in the March/April '85
issue). With an attitude like yours, the
magazine should go a long way. I certainly
hope so..."
Brad Blanck
Honolulu, HI
"...IT own a T/S 2068 and the 2040
printer. I would like to know more about
how to program my machine in BASIC, how to
program my machine in assembly, how to
attach peripherals...for instance, I am
intrigued by the Oki color printer (or
even the Radio Shack color printer), but
they sell the printer with a computer-
specific $50 “connection package". Can we
make our own with plans in your
Can we interest them in making a_ series
that would fit the 2068s? Can we modify an
existing Atari or Commodore connection
set? Iam looking forward to receiving
your magazine. Why haven't I heard of you
before?”
Thank you,
Kenneth Martin
Wyoming, MI
{Editor- The Okidata "“Okimate 10” color
printer would be a very inexpensive way to
produce hard copies of T/S 2068 color
graphics. I have seen the printer go for
as low as $115. You might get some help
from the customer or service dept. at
Okidata (532 Fellowship Rd., Mt. Laurel,
NJ 08054, phone 609-235-2600), but it is
unlikely. I know of a west coast users
that sent in a petition to try and get a
2068 “Plug n Print" package developed. One
of our readers may have some information
on interfacing. Anyone? ]
“Thanks for the issue #5 I received.
As usual, another great issue. The article
on T/S 2068 graphics was very informative.
magazine? —
[.™,
f™the port on the player's left.
A good addition to your magazine might be
a column of programming tips and tiny pro-
grammes that show off how great a 2068 is.
...keep those issues rolling!
\
4 Russell Ochocki
Winnipeg, Manitoba
Canada
{Editor- Hmmm, sounds like a very good
idea Mr. Ochocki. ]
"T have a copy of your Vol.l No. 4
issue before me. On page 10 there is a
machine code routine for joystick oper-
ation. It so happens that I have an almost
identical program written 100% in BASIC,
that was used in my classes to illustrate
joystick operation and use. This BASIC
routine is much shorter than the m.c. ver-
sion in your article and provides diagonal
motions to the player's piece in addition
to horizontal and vertical motions. More-
over, it is just as fast because the speed
of operation is limited by the GOTO loop
that each uses. Mine also allows a_ second
joystick to be added, if desired, with
very little modification.
One other comment on this machine
rode routine. I have used a REM line for
m.c. storage, but find that whenever the
codes of control characters appear, an
awkward situation arises with regard to
automatic LISTing. For this reason, I use
REM only, for storage of say UDG data,
where such numbers might be avoided. If
one does want to store m.c. in high RAM,
consider the area in SYSTEM VARIABLES,
starting at address 23756. There are 542
bytes available here that are not normally
used. If these are used for storage, how-
ever, we must leave the loader portion of
the program intact as otherwise SAVE be-
comes a two-step operation."
[Editor- This was the first letter we re-
ceived from Mr. Fricke. Then...]
“The short, BASIC routine to which I
alluded...is enclosed [see above]. This is
a demonstration routine only, but it can
be readily altered to incorporate into any
game program. In this demo routine it is
assumed that the joystick is plugged into
Refer to
Lines 20 and 25. RUN the routine. A "*"
will appear at Row 10, Column 10. This
asterisk can be moved in any one of eight
directions by positioning the joystick.
The action of the GOTO loop is fairly fast
(hence Line 45), and the asterisk May re-
peat the movement too quickly. If so, a
deliberate stepping action can be intro-
duced by a line like...
17 IF STICK (1,1) 0 THEN GOTO 17°
Now we must jog the paddle for each step.
We can't use PAUSE 0 to step the action as
REM #4 JOYSTICK
DEMONSTRATION
BY
Warren Z, icke
LET C=1@: LET L=18
PRINT AT LO, "Se"
LET e Ler
38 LET +
= OR S= Bid lies Pa AND
5 GR S=6))
35 LET L=L+(iL¢21 AND
26 OR S=1@))-i{L38 AND {5
5S OR $201)
4@ PRINT AT 18,14
FB=1
45 PAUSE 5
5@ PRINT AT LL,CC;" “ AND (LL<
oh OR CO<sC} :
55 60 To 18
: FIRE"
STICK can not release PAUSE like a_ key-
stroke does.
In this demonstration routine the
fire button will print the word FIRE near
the center of the screen when pressed. You
can: erase the word by running the asterisk
thru it.
The conventional joystick produces a
diagonal motion if the paddle is so posi~
tioned, but there is a drawback. The first
step, before a diagonal one is taken, must
be either vertical or horizontal. This is
an inherent flaw in joystick design. To
get a diagonal motion, two electrical con-
tacts must be closed inside the joystick,
and it is generally not possible to close
them simultaneously. Hence, the motion
starts off either horizontally or vert-
ically, depending upon which switch closed
first.
Very truly yours,
Warren Fricke
Depew, NY
[Editor- TIME DESIGN readers, look for
more information and an original program
on 2068 joystick control in the upcoming
issue (Nov/Dec 85) from Mr. Fricke. ]
|
MAXWELL DEAL FALLS THROUGH
In a suprising turn of events, the
Robert Maxwell plan to buy-out Sinclair
Research has back-fired. The earlier offer
that was made this last summer (that had
been accepted) was withdrawn. Therefore,
the situation at Sinclair as far as own-
ership, remains unchanged. Sir Clive is
still the Chairman, and still owns 83% of
the common stock. The actual completion of
the Maxwell/Sinclair deal never took place
...the papers were not signed, nor was any
money exchanged.
In further related developments, the
financial situation has improved for the
time being. Dixons, a large chain-store in
England, has purchased a substantial a-
mount of Siclair merchandise, creating a
positive cash flow. The “package” deal in-
cluded both Spectrum and QL computers, and
the Sinclair Pocket TV. The total deal was
slightly less than 20 Million pounds worth
of inventory, and will be spread out over
a period of time. In other words, it was
not all paid for at once, or shipped out
at once. e
Analysts are predicting large price
cuts on Spectrums and QLs this November
and December as a result of the Dixon pur-
chase,
Rumors have it, in the British press,
that some new Sinclair products are on
their way...although Sinclair has strongly
denied all intentions. The most prominent
items of discussion are the 128k Spectrum
(a super~powered version of the Spectrum
Plus), and a battery-powered portable com-
puter (that reportedly uses flat-screen TV
technology and has the ability to upload/
download files from a QL).
BUTS AND PYRCRS
|
and his rise to fame, that is about to
published in England. It is appropriately.
titled "The Sinclair Story". The author
has held back from releasing thé book, to
monitor Sinclair's present situation. The
book is reported to be a “rags-to-riches”
account, and any drastic changes due to a
shaky computer idustry, could possibly
alter the outcome of “The Sinclair Story".
Here at home, the small staff at Sin-
clair/U.S. Operations is about to embark
on a large ad campaign for the American
version of the QL. There is a _ sizeable
amount of product coming from Korea now,
and QLsales are brisk.
PORTUGAL 2068 AND DISC DRIVE
UPDATE
The highlight and headline-maker of
the year has finally materialized. Two
companies in the U.S. are currently sell-
ing the Portuguese Disk Drive System which
is manufatured in a Timex factory for the
2068. Zebra Systems, Inc., 78-06 Jamaica
Ave., Woodhaven, NY 11421, (718) 296-2385,
has the drive system (entitled Zebra Disk
Drive System) and also quantities of the
required Hitachi-type 3 in. floppy disks.
The English Micro Connection, 15 Kilburn
Court, Newport, RI 02840, (401) 849-
3805 has the drives for sale under the
name “EMC Portuguese Disk Drive System".
They also have the 3 in. disks, and the
Portuguese 2068 computer. It is suggested
that potential buyers of the 2068 Disk
Drive System call or write these companies
for current pricing and availability. Due
to fluctuations in the International Money
Market, prices may change. Also, supplies
of these systems are somewhat limited at
this time, and generally customers are put
on a waiting list after pre-payment has
been made.
The 2068 Disk Drive System will LOAD
and SAVE American 2068 software like PRO/
FILE and Tasword Two (U.S. version). It
has a sophisticated, yet “user-friendly”
operating system in ROM called TOS. It
uses none of the 2068 RAM (since it has
it's own), and commands are entered from
the upper-row keys of the 2068 (like CAT,
FORMAT, OPEN#, ect.). The drive system
There is a biography of Uncle Clive 4 comes complete with interface, controller,
be
power supply, and one drive, is silver-
colored and styled like the T/S 2068. Ad-
ditional drives are also available.
A subscriber Bob Howard from West
Covina, CA, passed this information along:
"Your readers may be interested in knowing
that I ran across an ad in RAINBOW, the
magazine for the Radio Shack CoCo Two,
closing out AMDEK 3 in. (Hitachi) dual-
drives in case with power supply. Since
these are the same as the Timex Portugal
Drive for the TC2068, they represent a
nice package for those thinking about an
independent interface such as Aerco or
John Oliger Co. John Oliger tells me that
Ray Kingsley, who is programming the op-
erating system EPROM, has a set of AMDEK
drives, so they will be compatible for
sure. The AMDEK deal is from SAGUAREO
SOFTWARE, PO Box 1864, Telluride, CO 81435
(303) 728-4937. Now hold on to your hat!
Price is $199 including cable and ten
diskettes. The 10 Diskettes could cost as
much as $80 alone by some sources as_ they
are not the 3 1/2 inch Sony-type, that are
at least $5.25 each too! Extra diskettes
are $25 for 10. Note that this is a close-
out, so may not last forever..."
AERCO DISC DRIVE SYSTEM
Dennis Jurries further comments on
the AERCO FD-68 floppy disc interface had
to be postponed an issue, as the newest
DOS EPROM update arrived just a few days
before going to press. Reportedly, the up-
date contains the final "“extensions-to-
BASIC". Dennis has been experimenting with
the system, and will give an account of
what he has learned.
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
The twelve page User's Guide for the
TIME (X) CHANGE BBS is now available for
$1.00 (to cover postage and printing).
Send your name and address, along with a
yo buck to: Dave Clifford, 13910 Halldale
Ave., Gardena, CA 90249. Dave has put a
lot of work into the manual, and it covers
topics such as "How To Log-on", Special
Commands And Functions, Transferring Soft~
ware, and an explanation of the MODEM/X-
MODEM Protocol. The TIME (X) CHANGE is the
“West's only BBS dedicated entirely to the
Timex/Sinclair User". It is on-line 24
hours a day, seven days a week...and is
free. Access telephone numbet is (213)
329-3922,
MEMOTEXT/MEMOCALC USERS
GET NEWSLETTER
A newsletter published for Memotext
and Memocalc users is available. "“MEMO-
NOTES” is published four times a year by
The Syneware Group. Subscription price is
$13.95 for a year. MEMONOTES is primarily
written by Memotext "expert" Fred Nachbaur
of Nelson, B.C., Canada. The first edition
is ten pages, and crammed with all sorts
of user tips and background information.
Subscription orders should be directed to:
MemoNotes c/o Thomas B. Woods, PO Box 64,
Jefferson, NH 03583.
PRICES SLASHED
Both KNIGHTED COMPUTERS (707 Highland
St., Fulton, NY 13069) and RAMEX (48945
Van Dyke Rd., Utica, MI 48087) have re-
duced their prices from previous catalog
listings. For example, Knighted Computers
had offered their popular "Fighter Pilot”
and "Night Gunner” game programs for the
2068, for $19.95 each. New price is $16.95
each. Some of their Quicksilva programs
are as low as $8.50. Ramex is offering
similar discounts, but for a limited time
only (Knighted Computer prices are more or
less here to stay). For example, in the
month of August, Ramex offered Tasword Two
(a program that first sold for $49.95) for
only $14.95. With prices like these, our
T/S dollar goes a lot farther.
MORE NEWS IN
2068/SPECTRUM-WARES SECTION........
A SUPERB HIGH-RESOLUTION GRAPHICS-DESIGN PROGRAM FOR THE ZX-81/TS 1000
PLUS AN EXPANDED AND VERSATILE VERSION FOR THE T/S 2068...
example i
PABLO PIXEL-O
by Michael E—. Carver
I have thoroughly enjoyed my ZX-81 for years. I have
added a full-size keyboard, 64k of memory and the Timex/
Sinclair 2040 Printer. I've always lamented the lack of
high-resolution graphics, but have never felt compelled
to invest the extra money for the needed hardware or s/w.
The following program will allow you to use your 2X-81/TS
1000/1500 and either the Sinclair or Timex Printer to
create high-resolution graphics (see examples 1-4). Good-
bye "blocky" pictures!
The characters of the 2X-81 are generated using an
eight by eight grid. Each line of this grid is stored as
a binary number in the ROM (addresses 1E00n to 1EE7h). IF
you were to PEEK the eight addresses for the letter "0"
in the ROM, you would find tne decinal/binary code in
Fig. 1. For each "1" in the binary code, a pixel is set
on the screen, producing the pattern “O".
Due to the design of the ZX-81, only codes stored in
the actual ROM can be generated onto the screen without
the use of extensive machine code programming. By using
the routines contained in lines 500-570 and 1000-1090 of
listing 1, and a lifted version of the LLIST subroutine
from the ROM, any eight by eight character can be gener-
ated via your printer
USING PABLO PIXEL-G
The program is designed for you to draw a picture
and create individual characters to produce a high-res
copy of it. Graph paper which is ruled in eight by eight
grids will help you map out your characters. Draw or
trace your picture onto the graph paper, Next, darken
each square (pixel) which is a line or solid/shaded
element of your picture. (NOTE: if your picture does not
contain an empty 8x8 grid, you may wish to define an
4
Z
Z
Z
Z
7
z
Y
6
extra "space" character to help you in formatting Jater
on.} Total up the number of different characters (8x8
pixel grid) you will need to compose your picture. low
count up the number of characters in each line (a max. of
32) and the number of character lines in your picture
You may wish to design your picture sideways and create a
Jong panorama, but it can only be 32 characters high
You are now ready to LOAD the program and begin
creating your own characters. Before LOADing, you will
need to lower RAMTOP by entering "POKE 16389,124", then
followed by "NEW".
DEFINING CHARACTERS
When the menu appears, choose option 1-- “Qefine
Characters" (see fig. 2). This will set up @ blank array
in which to store your data. Answer the prompt with the
total you calculated earlier. You may wish to enter a
total slightly higher than the amount of characters you
wish to define, allowing for any errors or additions
when prompted, enter each line of the 8x8 grid as a space
or an inverted space (GRAPHICS/SPACE...see fig. 3). When
this character is produced by the printer, 2 pixel will
be set (black) for each inverted space and unset (blank
for each space. If, after entering al] eight lines, you
are not satisfied, answer "NO" to the prompt and you wil
have the option of starting over for that character or
changing individual lines. (Keep track of the order in
which you define your characters as they are coded and
stored in this order. Character code "1" is for the first
character defined, code "2" the second defined, ect.
After you have completed your character definition, the
screen will go blank for a few seconds while the computer
analyzes and stores the data. If you would like to return
to the menu during definitions, enter "M" as the first
space in any line. This will allow you to check your pro-
gress or save your data. NOTE: To continue definitions
choose option 2 “Continue Definitions", as-option 1 will
clear all data from memory!
SEEING IS BELIEVING
You can review a portion of your work with "Big-
Bits"--option 8 This option will display up to eight en-
larged characters across and six down, using the standard
Sinclair graphics. (See example 5) When prompted to enter
~~
fig. 2
Ee eS
DEFINE CHARACTERS
CONTINUE DEFINITIONS.....2
PICTURE CODING.
PRINT OUT PICTURE.
SAVE. ce eee eee
RE-DEFINE CHARACTER
CONTINUE PICTURE CODING..7
BIG-BITS..... 20 BS
ENTER ONE OF THE ABOVE
code numbers, enter the number for the character you wish
displayed (remember, character 1 is the first character
defined, 2 is the second, ect.). After entering the codes
the screen will go blank while the computer stores thi
information on a “notepad”. You will then see an enlarged
version of the characters in the order you specified. By
pressing "M", you can return to the menu, “Z" will make
copy of your enlarged characters on the printer. NOTE
The program uses part of the machine code stored in REN
to set up the COPY routine in ROM, copying as many lines
as are needed.
HARD EVIDENCE
To print a copy of your picture in high-resolution,
choose option 3--"Picture Coding". Follow the prompts, by
inputting the totals you calculated for the width and
height of your picture. You will again be asked to enter
codes for the newly defined characters in the order to be
printed. After entering all of the character codes, you
will be returned to the menu. If you only wish to print
out a portion of your picture, entering "0" for a char-
acter cade will return you to the menu. You may return
to coding the picture py choosing option 7--"Continue
Picture Coding". Option 4--"Print Out Picture” will pro:
duce a high-resolution picture via the printer. The mon-
itor screen will go biank for a few seconds while the
computer transfers data to a notepad, after which it will
print out one line of your picture. This pattern will
continue until all of the picture has been printed. After
After you have finished "coding" your picture, a copy can
be obtained at anytime by going directly to option 4.
fig. S$
PLOT OUT CHARACTER 1
45678
HOW DID THAT GET THERE?
If you would like to correct or re-definé a char
acter, option 6 will allow you to re-define any character
you designate. Re-define 2 character by following the
steps for defining, line by line
PRESERVING THAT MASTERPIECE
Option 5 will save the program and any data already
entered. NOTE: if you breek the program, do not RUN, as
this will erase all of the data entered. Continue by en-
tering GOTO 600, putting you into the menu. when you re-
load the program, the menu will appear and you may con
tinue from there.
ENTERING THE PROGRAM -
TS1000 version
Before entering listing 1, lower RAMTOP by entering
POKE 16389, 124 and NEW. Line 1 should contain 113 char-
acters after REM. when you have finished typing in the
program, it is prudent to save it to tape before RUNing
the program. After you have made a back-up copy, enter
FAST mode and enter GOTO 9000. This will load the machine
code into the REM statement. This subroutine will check
for most typing errors while entering the machine code
contained in AS. After the code has been transferred to
the REM statement, you may delete lines 9010-9170. To
save this completed version to tape, set-up your recorder
to record and start the tape, enter as direct commands
ra
example 5
(big-bits)
CLEAR and GOTO 3000. Remember, you will have to lower
RAMTOP by POKEing 16389 with 124 before loading this pro-
gram into the computer.
Listing 2 is a disassembled version of the machine
code for the 1000 version. Addresses 16514-16529 contain
the table holding the different graphic characters used
by Big-Bits. The routine starting at 16530, looks at two
Vines of each character. It first looks at the first two
bits in each line and calculates a matching character
from the araphics character table, printing this graphic
symbol. Then it moves on to the next two bits of each
line, calculating and printing until al? bits have been
translated. This procedure is repeated until all eight
lines of the character has been printed and then moves on
to the next character. The routine at 16621 copies the
screen to the printer. Register D is loaded with the num-
ber of screen lines te be copied. The routine then jumps
into the ROM s copy routine.
—————————— ee
Se
BY THE NUMBERS
Line 1: Machine code for option 7 “Big-Bits*
Lines 2- Initializes flags
Lines 5-60: “Lifts” the LLIST routine from ROM and places it
above RAMTOF with modifications.
Lines 100-130: Initializes array to store new character coding.
Lines 180-345: Accepts data for defined characters as a graphic
binary code and changes the binary into decimal for storage.
Lines 350-390: Allows for corrections before storage of data is
made.
Lines 400-495: Sets up picture array and accepts code numbers
in the order you wish them printed.
Lines 500-565: Converts and stores character codes for printing
of pictur
Lines 600-670: Contains the menu.
Lines 700-740: Sets up editing of already detined characters.
Lines 600-990: Subroutine which sets up data for the machine
code for Big-Bits.
Lines 1000-1090: Stores the & lines of code for each character
to be printed for each line of your picture and calls the LLIST
routine store above RAMTOP.
Lines 2000-2040: Saves the program with any data entered.
Lines 9010-9170: Machine code loader.
Some of the Variables:
D(@): Holds decimal code for individual lines of character
being define. :
De: Blank line to mask or clear prompts printed to the screen.
18(8,68): Accepts “plotted” version of character.
¢: Total amount of characters to be defined.
C@(C,8): Stores CHR® for the CODE of each line of defined
characters. (By storing these codes in a tring array we
conserve memory. To stare 100 characters using @ numerical
array would require 4K, opposed to 800 bytes using characters
i.e. the number 53 is stored as “P*.)
we Width and Length, in characters, of you planned picture.
P(L,W)? Contains character code numbers in the order to be
printed.
L(32,8): Stores the eight lines of each character for printing
of one line of the picture.
B(6,8): Stores the character codes in the order to be displayed
during Big-Bits option.
example 2
example 3
example 4
1 REM ARAAABARAAAAAAAARAAAARA
AAAAAAAAAEBEBEEBEEPEEEBEEBBBBEB
BEEBESEBEBCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCE
CCCCCCCCCCCDDDDDDPDDDDDDDDDD
2 LET L=0
3 LET H=0
3 FAST
10 FOR I=0 TO 112
20 POKE 31744+1,PEEK (216191)
30 NEXT I
40 POKE 31800,63
SO POKE 31857,201
70 GO TO 600
100 CLS
105 DIM D«e)
110 DIM DS(32)
115 DIM I8(8,8)
120 PRINT AT 7,0;“HOW Mary CHAR
ACTERS DQ YOU WISH TO DEFINE?"
125 INPUT C
130 DIM CBIC,e)
1€0 FOR F=1 TOC
ZOO PRINT AT 20,0;DS;DS;AT 5,
“1TEAT 21,1; "12345678"; AT 4,7
12345678"
205 CLS
210 PRINT AT 0,0;"PLOT OUT CHAR
ACTER “s(F AND NOT EDIT)+(H AND
EDIT)
Zi5 PRINT AT 20,0;DSj;DS;AT 5
SOM TGAT 21,15 "123456768" AT 4,73
2345678"
220 FOR A=i TO &
225 INPUT 1$(A,1 TO 8)
230 FOR E=! TO 8
235 PRINT AT 20,0;D8;"
1234567
240 If IS(A,1)="M" THEN GO TO
600
245 IF IS(A,E)=" " OR I8(A,B)="
* THEN GO TO 260
250 PRINT AT A+4,75 "RE-ENTER"
255 GO TO 225
260 NEXT B
265 PRINT AT A+4,75;18(A,1 TO 8)
STAB 6;CHR® (A429 AND ACB)
270 NEXT A
275 PRINT AT 20,0;DS;DS;AT 20,0
s"ARE YOU SATISFIED?”
280 INPUT AS
285 IF CODE AS=51 THEN GO TO 3
so
290 FOR A=1 TO 8
295 LET DtAr=0
300 FOR B=1 TO &
305 LET D(AI=D(A)EZ4+CODE STR (
CODE 1#(A,B)/128)-28
310 NEXT B
3iS NEXT A
320 FOR P=1 TOS
325 LET C#C(F AND NOT EDIT) +(H
AND EDIT) ,P)=CHR® DF)
330 NEXT F
335 IF EDIT THEN
(340 NEXT F
345 GO TO 600
350 PRINT AT 20,0;DSiDS;AT 20,0
3"DO YOU WANT TO CHANGE INDIVID
UALLINES?"
Gt Ta 600
355 INPUT AS
Bec IF CODE AS=51 THEN
os
365 PRINT AT 20,0;D#:D#;4T 20,0
}°WHAT LINE DO YOU WISH TO CHAN
Ger
370 INPUT A
375 PRINT AT 20,0;D#;AT 20
ORKING ON LINE “3A;AT 21,057 12
345678"
380 INPUT T#(A,1 TO 6)
385 PRINT AT A+4,7518(4,1 TO 8)
GO TO 2
390 GO TO 275
400 CLS
401 PRINT AT 5,0; "HOW MANY SFAC
ES ACROSS WILL YOURPICTURE BE?
(32 max.
403 LET RE=O
405 INPUT W
410 IF W232 THEN 60 To 400
415 PRINT AT &,0} "HOW MANY LINE
S WILL BE IN YOUR PICTURE?*
420 INPUT L
422 LET RES)
425 DIM PiL,U
430 CLS
431 PRINT AT 2,0;"ENTEF CODE NU
MBERS FOR NEW", "CHARACTER SET I
N THE ORDER YOU WISH THEM TC E
E PRINTED.”
432 IF A’
To 445
435 FOR @=1 TOL
440 FOR R=1 TO W
445 IF @>L AND ROW THEN GO
600
447 PRINT AT 19,0;D8;DS;AT 25,6
STLINE "303" / SPACE “5
450 INPUT P(@,R)
455 IF P(@,R)7=0 AND PIG,R)<=C
THEN GO TO 470
460 PRINT AT 19,05 "INVALID INFU
RE-ENTER: i: "
465 GO TO 450
470 IF F(@,R)=0 THEN, GG TO 600
7" AND RE=1 THEN GO
°
485 NEXT R
490 NEXT @
495 GO TO 600
500 CLS
505 PRINT AT 2,0; "TURN PRINTER
ON AND PRESS ENTER WHEN READY T
© PRINT OUT YOUR PICTURE. *
510 INPUT As
S15 FOR A=i TOL
520 DIM L(32,8)
£25 LET M=0
530 FOR B=1 TO W
S35 LET M=m+1
340 FOR N=1 TO 6
545 LET L(B,N)=CODE (CS<(P(A,M),
ND)
S50 NEXT N
SSS NEXT B
560 GO SUB 1000
565 NEXT A
600 CLS
605 LET EDIT=0
10 PRINT AT 2,0; "##Ex
O PIXEL-O Hee
620 PRINT AT 4,3; "DEFINE CHARAC
TERS... AFAT 6,35 "CONTINUE
DEFINITIONS... . AT 8,3;°FIC
TURE CODING..... s3"GAT 10,
3i°PRINT OUT FICTURE........4°5
AT 12,35; °SAVE...
PAEL
14,33 "RE-DEFINE CHARAC
6TSAT 16,33; “CONTINUE F
ICTURE CODING..?";AT 18,3; "BIG-
EITS. 18"
630 PRINT AT 20,4;*ENTER ONE oF
THE ABOVE"
640 PAUSE aEa
650 LET AS=INKEYS,
660 IF CODE as<2° OF CODE as 36
THEN GO TO 640
670 GO TO 1004(105 AND Ag="2")s
(300 AND A: ")+(400 AND as="4
")+(1900 AND Ag="5")+(600 AND A
F276") + (330 AND AB="7")-(30 AND
(AS="7" AND L=01)4(700 AND as=
“en
700 LET EDIT:
740 CLS
220 PRINT AT 2,05 *WHICH CHARACT
ER DO YOU WISH TO RE-DEFINE? (
ENTER NUMBER) *
?30 INPUT H
740 GO To 205
800 CLS
805 DIM B(6,@)
810 PRINT AT 21,0; "HOW MANY LIN
ES? (6 MAx.)*
815 INPUT J
@20 IF 3>6 OR 3<=0 THEN GO TO
810
825 PRINT AT 21,0; "HOW Many ACR
oss? (8 max.)*
830 INPUT K
@35 IF Ke OF K¢=0 THEN Go TO
825
B40 CLE
248 PRINT AT 2,0;*ENTER CODE NU
MBERS IN THE ORDER YOU WISH THE
M DISPLAYED.
®50 FOR A=i TO 3
®55 FOF B=1 TOK
860 PRINT AT 19,0;D8;D;AT 20,0
LINE "JAG" / SPACE “FE
865 INPUT B(A,B)
870 IF BtA,B)>=1 AND EB(A,B)<=C
THEN GO TO 885
E75 PRINT AT 19,0; "INVALID INFU
RE-ENTER
880 GO TO 860
885 NEXT B
290 NEXT A
€95 LET NOTE=32000
900 FOR A=1 TO 6
905 LET M=0
910 FOR B=1 To 8
915 LET memes
920 FOR N=! To 8
925 IF B(A,M) THEN
ODE (CB(B(A,M) ND)
930 IF NOT B(A,M) THEN
TE,O
935 LET NOTE=NOTE+1!
940 NEXT N
945 NEXT EB
950 NEXT 4
9SS SLOW
960 CLS
963 POKE 16622, I3%4
965 RAND USR 16530
970 IF INKEY®<>*" THEN
70
975 IF INKEY®="Z" THEN RAND USR
1e6z1
9e0 IF INKEYS.>"m" THEN
S75
ose
950 GG TO 600
T
POKE NOTE,C
POKE NO
co 109
Go TO
=1 TO 32
FOR Kr1 TO 8
1020 POKE J2ZSS+kK+e4(I-10,L 0,4)
1036 NEXT FE
1040 NEXT J
1050 FOR H=i To 31
1060 FOKE 16444+H,H
1070 NEXT H
1080 LET HCOPY=USR 21744
1090 RETURN
2000 CLS
2010 PRINT AT 10,0;*ENTER NAME 0
F PICTURE
2015 INPUT AS
2020 IF AS=** THEN GO TO 2000
2025 PRINT AT 10,0;"READY TO SAV
E PICTURE: “iAT 12,0;AS;AT 14
,O; "TURN ON TAPE RECORDER", "AND
PRESS ENTER”
2030 INPUT x®
2035 SAVE As
2040 GO TOS
3000 SAVE “PABLO”
3010 GO TO 1
9010 LET ADDRESS=16514
9020 LET A®="0087046302850681018
605820384078021 007DESE10£040604
S6235E23€5AFCB1Z17CB1217CB1317C
B1317218240856F 7EZAQE407723220E
4010E3D5111D0019220E40D1E10D20C
FES1180FF 2A0E4019220E407EFE 7620
BC 11640019220E4023EDSB1040EDS21
93BABE1C91618CD6BOSC9”
9030 IF LEN AS(>226 THEN PRINT
"ERROR IN AS PLEASE CORRECT.”
9040 IF LEN AS<>226 THEN STOP
9050 FOR X=1 TO LEN AS-1 STEF 2
9060 POKE ADDRESS+#INT ((x-1)/2),
{CODE AS(X)-28)#16+CODE AB (x41)
-28
9070 NEXT x
9100 LET CHECK=0
9110 LET ADDRESS=16514
9120 FOR X=0 TO 112
9130 LET CHECK=CHECK+PEEK (ADDRE
84x)
9140 NEXT X
9150 PRINT "YOUR CHECK IS “3CHEC
K
9160 PRINT
9170 PRINT “IF CHECK IS NOT EQUA
L TO 9525 LOOK FOR ERRORS IN
ase
Listing 2
Address Op Code (hex) Mnemonic
16530 21007D LD HL,32000
16533 es PUSH HL
16534 Sf POP HL
16535 ocoa LD c,4
16337 0604 LD B,4
16539 se LD D, (HL)
16540 23 INC HL
16sat se LD E, (HL)
16542 23 INC HL
16843 es PUSH HL
16544 AF xOR A
16545 cBi2 RL D
16547 17 RLA
16548 cEi2 RL D
16549 17 PLA
16551 cEis RL E
16553 Ae RLA
10
1essa cEis RLE
16556 17 RLA
16557 218240 LD HL, 16514
16560 8s ADD A,L ae
16561 er Lp L.A
16562 JE LD A, (HL) “
16563 2A0E40 LD HL, (16398)
16566 27 LD (HL) ,A
16567 23 INC HL
16568 220640 LD (16398) ,HL
16571 10E3 DINZ, 16544
16573 DS PUSH, DE
16574 411D00 LD DE,29
16577 19 ADD HL, DE
16578 220E40 LD (6398), HL
16581 Dt POP DE
16582 E1 POP HL
16583 op DEC ¢
16584 20cF JR NZ, 16537
16586 €5 PUSH HL
16587 1180FF LD DE, 65406
16590 2A0E4O LD HL, (16398)
16593 19 ADD HL, DE
16594 220E40 LD (16398) ,HL
16897 7e LD A, (HL)
16598 FE76 _ cP iie8
16600 20BC JR NZ, 16534
16602 116400 LD DE, 100
16605 19 ADD HL, DE
16606 220640 LD (16389) ,HL
16609 23 INC HL
16610 EDSB1040 LD DE, (16400)
16614 eps2 SBC HL, DE
16616 19 ADD HL, DE
16617 seas JR C, 16534
16619 —1 POP HL
16620 co RET
16621 1604 Lp D4
16623 cDsBos CALL 2155
16626 ce RET
2068 version
Listing 3 and 4 contain a version of PABLO PIXEL-O
for 1/S 2068 owners. There are a few enhancements in this
version, made possible by the extended powers of the 2068
computer. Instead of storing our new characters in an
array, we will store them in a table above RAMTOP and set
the system variable pointing to the character table, to
point to our new table (see line 125). Of course, we can
have a screen display of our high-resolution picture
Also, when entering the codes for your printed picture
you are allowed the option of choosing seperate ink and
paper colors for display. The POKE in line 220 sets the
system variable controlling the cursor mode into gra-
ohics. Your REM statement in line 1 should contain 63
characters after REM. After entering the program, enter
as a direct command, GOTO 9000. This will load the MC
into the REM statement, checking for typing errors. You
may then delete lines 9000-9199. Save the program by en-
tering as direct commands, CLEAR and SAVE “pablo” LINE
10.
The program operates basically the.same as the ZX-81
version. There is the added option of saving a copy of
the screen after having displayed your’ picture. It is
possidle te define a new character set or font and point
the system variables to point to this new set. (See the
example 6) You may wish to incorporate this font into.
other programs.
example 6
1 REM aaaaaasaaaaaasasaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaabbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
bbbbbbbbb
10 LET L=0: LET H=0
60 GO TG 600
100 CLS
105 PRINT AT 2,0;"Do you wish t
ao set up a blank file?"
110 INPUT as
115 IF CODE a8<>69 AND CODE as<
>421 THEN GO TO 600
420 PRINT AT 2,0;*How many char
acters do you wish to define?”
125 INPUT ci POKE 23728,c-INT
(c/256)*256: POKE 23729,c/256
: CLEAR 65367-(@¥c)-3e4: LET
C=PEEK 23728+256%PEEK 23729
130 DIM i(8,8o: Dim bsis8,ar: L
ET het: LET edit=0: DIM acto
135 DIM 48(32): LET hcopy=0: LE
T option=0
145 LET chartable=65367-3%c-3394
200 FOR #=1 Toc
202 PAPER 7: INK 0: BORDER 7: ¢
Ls : DIN is¢e,8)
205 PRINT AT 0,0;“Plot out char
acter "3 (* AND NOT edity+(h AND
edit)
210 PRINT AT 20,0; d8;dS;AT 5,4;
SN isa 21,15 "12348678" FAT 4,75°
12345678"
215 FOR a=1 To 8
220 POKE 23617,
10 8)
225 FOR b=1 To 8
227 PRINT AT 20,0;da;" 12345678
230 IF is(a,li=*m* OR is(a,t=t
m= OR CODE i8(a,1)=156 THEN GO
Ta 600
235 IF is(a,b)=CHRS 128 OR iia
;DISCHRS 143 OR i#(a,b)=CHR® 32
THEN GO TO 250
240 PRINT AT a¢4,7;"RE-ENTER*
245 GO To 220
250 NEXT b
255 PRINT AT a+4,7;i8¢a,1 TO @)
jt IF a(@ THEN PRINT TAB éjati
: INPUT i®(a,4
260 NEXT a
265 PRINT AT 20,0;d;d#jAT 20,0
s*Are you satisfied?"
270 POKE 23617, INPUT a®
273 IF CODE a<>89 AND CODE as<
>121 THEN GO TO 335
280 FOR a=i TO @
290 FOR b=4 TO 8
295 LET b&(a,b)=("1* AND ista,b
Y=CHRS 143) +("O" AND (i8(a,b) =C
HR® 128 OR 18(a,b)=CHR® 321)
300 NEXT b
30S NEXT a
310 FOR p=1 TO 8
(NSS POKE chartablet((f-1 AND NO
editi*(h-f AND edit) )#6+(p-1)
SVAL (CHR® 196+bS(p,1 TO 8)?
320 NEXT p
322 IF edit THEN
325 NEXT ¢
330 Ge TO 400
GO Ta 600
335 PRINT AT 20,0;48;d8;AT 20,0
}°DO ,0U wish to change individ
uallines?*
340 INPUT as
345 IF CODE a%<>89 AND CODE asc
>121 THEN GO TO 202
350 PRINT AT 20,0;d%;d8;AT 20,0
“What line do sau wish to chan
ger"
395 INPUT a
360 PRINT AT 20,0;48;as;AT 20,0
ituarking an line “jasAT 21,03"
12345673"
365 POKE 23617,2
To 8)
370 PRINT AT a+4,7;i(a,t TO 8)
INPUT 18(a,1
375 GO TO 265
400 LET re=0: LET option=0: CLS
: INPUT "How many characters a
Cross will you picture be? “su:
IF w>32 THEN GG TO 400
405 INPUT “How many lines will
in you picture? “31
410 INPUT "Do you wish to input
Paper and ink for each charac
ter? "; LINE 2%: IF CODE z$=coD
— ty" OR CODE 2@=CODE *Y* THEN
LET option=1
415 LET resi: DIM pil,w)
tion THEN DIM a(2,1,w)
420 CLS : PRINT AT 2,0;*Enter c
ode numbers for new*, "character
set in the order you wish the
m to be displayed": IF z@="7* A
ND re THEN GO TO 435
425 FOR q=1 TO |
430 FOR r=1 TO w
435 IF q>t AND row THEN
600
440 PRINT AT 19,0;a8sdS;AT 20,0
s*Line "iqs" / Space “sr: INPUT
Plann)
443 IF plasr)>=0 AND plq,r)<=c
THEN GO TO 465
455 PRINT AT 19,0s*Invalid inpu
t, re-enter!*
460 GO TO 440
465 IF option THEN INPUT “Pape
Pr? WsaCl,qyrd: IF ali,a,r)99 0
R ati,q,ri<O THEN GO TO 465
470 IF option THEN INPUT “Ink?
WrsacZ,qyry: LF acZ,q,ric9 OR
a(1,q,r)<0 THEN GO TO 470
472 IF piq,r)=0 THEN GO TO 600
b
IF op
Go To
475 NEXT fF: NEXT q
480 INPUT “Paper color? #*ipape
ri IF paper>9 OR paper<o THEN
Go TO 380
485 INPUT “Border colar? #*stor
der: IF border>? OR corder‘O TH
EN GO TO 485
490 INPUT “Ink color? "sink: 1
F ink<O OR ink>9 THEN GO TO 39
°
500 FORDER torder: PAPER paper:
IMK ink? CLS
S10 INPUT "Do you wish a hardco
py? “} LINE 2%: IF CODE z8=CODE
“y* QR CODE z$=CODE “/* THEN
LET heap,
520 FOR asi TO 1: FOR bel TO w
S25 FOKE 23606, ‘chartabletipia,
b)-1)88)-INT (ichartabletipia,5
)=17¥81/256) #256: POKE 23607, IN
T ((chartablet((p(a,b)-1)#3)) 2
ie |
S30 IF PEEK 23689¢3 THEN POKE
23606,0: POKE 23607, 40
SIS TF cption THEN PRINT PAPE
Rati,a,b)i INK a(2,a,b);CHRS 3
540 IF NOT option THEN PRINT C
HP® 32%: IF heopy THEN LPRINT
CHRS 323 ‘
S42 IF NOT option AND PEEK 2268
9¢4 THEN PRINT CHR® 83: POKE 2
3606, (chartable+(p(a,b)-1)#8)-1
NT ((chartablet(p(a,b)-1)#8)/25
6)#256: POKE 23607, INT ((charta
ble+t((p(a,b)~1)#8))/256)-1: PRI
NT CHR® 32:
543 IF option AND PEEK 23689¢4
THEN PRINT CHR® 83: POKE 23406
s(chartablet(p(a,b)-1)*8)-INT (
(chartablet(p(a,b)-1)#8)/256) "2
56: POKE 23607, INT ((chartablet
(Cp (a,b) -1)88)) 2861-12 PRINT
PAPER a(t,a,b)3 INK a(2,a,b
Re 32;
345 NEXT bi PRINT
350 IF heopy THEN
355 NEXT a
340 POKE 234606,0: POKE 234607,60
+ POKE 23692, 23
S65 PRINT wis*Z=cOPY
CREEN® SAVE"
570 IF INKEY@<>** THEN
40
S75 IF INKEY@="s* OR INKEYS="
THEN GO TO 1000
380 IF INKEY@="z" OR INKEYS="z*
THEN COPY :
S@S IF INKEY@<>"m* AND INKEYS<>
"mM" THEN GO TO 375
590 LET hcopy=0
600 BORDER 1; PAPER 1: INK 9: ¢
ust Ler eaitso
$03 POKE 23617,
610 PRINT AT 2,03 BRIGHT 1) 7+##
cH
LPRINT
M=MENU S
so To 5
* PABLO PIXEL-O FEY
620 PRINT AT 4,45 “DEFINE CHARAC
TERS. ..+...1°5AT 6,43 "CONTINUE
DEF INITIONS....2°;AT 8,43 "PICTU
RE CODING. see STEAT 10,45 *
PRINT QUT PICTURE.......4°5AT 1
2,44 "SAVE. sa eo ote wee oS"
SAT 14,4; "RE~DEFINE CHARACTER.
SHAT 16,45 "CONTINUE PICTURE
CODING. 7";AT 18,43 *BIG-BITS.
Panay 8"
620 PRINT BRIGHT 1;AT 20,5; "EN
TER ONE OF THE ABOVE*
650 INPUT LINE 28
660 IF CODE Z2m<4a9 OR CODE 29956
THEN GO TO 650
670 GO TO 650-(550 AND za="1")-
(448 AND 2$="2°)-(250 AND 2$="3
*)-(150 AND Z#="4")+(380 AND Zs
31) #50 AND 2#="67)-(230 AND
TS="7")- (20 AND (Z$="7" AND L=0
1) +1150 AND ze=*8")
700 LET edit=t
710 CLS 4
720 PRINT AT 2,03*Which charact
er do you wish to re-define? (
enter m*
730 INPUT h
740 GO TO 202
s00 CLS : DIM b(s,8)
805 INPUT “How many lines? (6 m
ax.) "$y
B10 TF <i GR j>6 THEN
10
BLS INPUT “How many across? (3
max.) "Fk
go To 8
820 IF k¢1 OR K)8 THEN
20
830 PRINT AT 2,03 ‘Enter
mbers in the order you
m displayed.”
835 FOR a=1 To j
840 FOR b=1 TO k
845 PRINT AT 19,0;d8;4aS;AT 20,0
s*Line "jai" / Space “sb
850 INPUT b(a,b)
Go Tos
code au
wish the
835 IF bla,b)>=1 AND bia,b)<=c
THEN GO TO 870
860 PRINT FLASH 1;AT 19,03*Inv
alid input. Re-enter.*
865 Go TO 850
870 NEXT b
875 NEXT a
900 PAPER 7: BORDER 7: INK c
LS : PRINT #1; "Nate pad is bein
g loaded. Z=CoPY M=MEN
ue
702 LET note=64983: POKE 23659,
°
903 FOR a=1 TO 6: FOR b=0 To 7
STEP 2: FOR d=i To @
910 TF NOT bia,d) THEN POKE no
te,o
915 IF bla,d) THEN POKE note,F
EEK ((chartables(b(a,d)-1) #2) 4b
y
925 IF bla,d)
+PEEK
+be1)
930 LET note=noter2
960 NEXT d: NEXT
965 PRINT AT 0,05:
THEN FOKE note+!
((chartable¢(b(a,d)-19"6)
NEXT a
RANDOMIZE US.
R 26731
970 POKE 23659,2: POKE 26773,34
32
960 IF INKEYS<>“* THEN Go TO 9
g0
985 IF INKEY®="z" OR INKEYS="Z"
THEN RANDOMIZE USR 26771
990 IF INKEYS<>*m*
"M" THEN GO TO 965
995 GO TO 600
1000 REM save screens
1010 INPUT "Picture titie:
AND INKEYS<>
“tas
1020 SAVE asSCREENS :
1030 CLS : PRINT AT
1i*please note that
GO TO 600
10,05 FLASH
you will ha
ve to enter CLEAR ";PEEK 2373
OZ56KPEEK 237313" before lo
ading this program after s
avin
1035 INPUT
jas
“What is the title? *
1045
1050
2000
2010
SAVE aSCODE chartable,c#s
GG TG 600
LOAD ascoDE
GO TO 600
7000 LET address=26715,
9100 LET a#="sosassecelesesspeze
S8ASES3E7SBeF Z1D7F DOS OC5060456
235E23E5AFCB12Z17CB1217CB1317CBI
317Z1SBeOBB56F 7ED71LOEAEIC110DECo
F306CocDasoACo*
9103 IF LEN a%<>126 THEN PRINT
‘Error in A® please correct.":
STOP
9110 FOR TO LEN a®-1 STEP 2
PAID POKE address+INT ((x-11/2),
(CODE a8(X)-(48 AND CODE asi x)<
3€)-(55 AND CODE a%(x)>64)) "16+
CODE a®(xX+1)-(48 AND CODE asix+
19638)- (55 AND CODE a8(x+1)>64)
9120 NEXT X
9125 LET check=0: FOR x=0 TO 62:
LET check=check+PEEK (26715+x)
: NEXT x
9130 IF check<>7488 THEN
"Look for errors in As.":
PRINT
sToP
9135 IF check=7488 THEN PRINT *
Send
920 IF NOT bia,d) THEN POKE no 1040 SAVE a® LINE 2000 Machine cade checks out.*
tetl,o
Listing 4
Address Op code (hex) Mnemonics
26731 2iD?7FD LD HL,6a9e3
26734 06co LD B,192
26736 cs PUSH BC
26737 0604 LD B,4
26739 sé LD D, (HL)
26740 23 TNC HL
26741 Se LD E, (HL)
26742 23 INC HL USE PABLO PIXEL-O AND SEND US YOUR ARTWORK!
24743 es PUSH HL
26744 AF xOR A
26745 cmiz RUD
26747 1? RLA P :
26748 cBi2 RUD TIME DESIGNS will publish examples of com-
26750 17 RLA " “ * “4 oh,
prihes bit ace puter “art” using the PABLO PIXEL 0 pro
26752 17 RLA gram supplied in this issue, in upcoming
26783 ca13 RLE future issues. We may publish yours!
26754 1? RLA . ong oF Fg
sauae desde Lb ont 2é7its artwork from either T/S 1000 or T/S 2068.
26760 85 ADD A,L
26761 6F Lp La
i Hs Bele send to: TIME DESIGNS
6 >
10EA DINZ, 26744 29722 Hult Rd.
e1 POrs ta Colton, OR 97017
ct POP EC
1opE DINZ, 26736
ce RET
FS Di
osc Lp B,192
cDosoA CALL 2565
co RET
In my article “Automatically Set RAM-
TOP Without Destroying The Program" pub-
lished in the July-August issue, the GOSUB
stack was very briefly discussed. This
article will delve more deeply into this
subject. I will also cover how to deter-
mine the extent of the "Safe Area" in the
TS 1000 and 1500. The safe area determines
the amount of bytes you can lower RAMTOP
without interfering with the execution of
the BASIC program. The safe area can be
used for the temporary storage of data or
machine code, without lowering RAMTOP. The
safe area extends from the top of the Cal-
culator stack to the bottom of the Machine
stack.
There are three stacks in the upper
RAM memory; the Calculator stack (C stack)
the Machine stack (M stack), and the GO-
SUB stack (GS stack). All of these stacks
are used by the routines in the ROM to
store temporary data and variables. An
item in the GS or M stacks consists of two
bytes. The low byte is in the lower ad-~
dress and the high byte is in the next
higher address. Items are added to the
bottom of either the GS or M stacks. In
the TS 1000 and 1500, the GS stack is lo-
cated immediately below RAMTOP and above
the M stack,
In the RAMTOP article we examined the
four addresses below RAMTOP, using the
PEEK command. A diagram of the values
found in these four addresses is in Figure
No, 1. In the same manner we examined the
contents of the system variable ERR_ SP
and found that it pointed to the address
RAMTOP-4, The TS 1500 Users Manual defines
the system variable ERR_ SP as the address
of the first item on the M stack. The
bottom of the GS stack is this address
plus two (2). The Stack Pointer (SP) con-
sists of two internal registers. The con-
tents of the SP registers normally point
to the address of the low byte of the last
ha ADVENTURES IN THE RAM JUNGL
AND OTHER MYSTERIES
by Earl V. Dunnington
effective item on the M
stack. The SP
registers cannot be addressed from BASIC.
Even using machine code, the contents of
the SP registers cannot be determined im-
mediately after the computer is turned on.
For example, enter the following into your
computer:
1 REM 1234567
1@ RAND USR 16516
20 PRINT PEEK 16514+256% PEEK
16515
then:
Z8Q assembler
POKE 16516,237 £ED : prefix
POKE 16517,115 LO(NN),SP : Let 16514 and
POKE 16518,130 N : 16515=con-
POKE 16519,64 N
POKE 16520,201 RET
tents of SP
Return to
Basic
Now RUN the program. The
screen is the address at
registers are pointing after
result on the
which the SP
calling the
machine code USR function. You can see
that the function itself uses the M stack.
Then how do I know that immediately after
turning on the computer, the contents of
the SP registers is the address of RAMTOP-
4? Only by deduction from the disassembly
of the ROM, GOSUB and RETURN routines.
They would not work unless the SP regis-
ters were pointing to RAMTOP-4. The ad-
dress in the ROM of the GOSUB routine is
3765d and of the RETURN routine is 3800d.
Figure No. 1 shows the situation
after the computer is intialized and after
each BASIC line has been executed. The one
exception that I know about is after one
or more GOSUB commands and before any RE-
TURN command. For an example of the ex-
ception, enter the following lines into
the computer (after entering NEW):
1 GOSUB 29
22 STOP
RUN the program. Using immediate commands,
PEEK into each of the addresses from RAM-
TOP-1 to RAMTOP-6. Also PEEK the two bytes
of ERR_ SP, using the immediate command
PRINT PEEK 16386+256*PEEK 16387. Your
re-
sults should agree with the values shown
in Figure No. 2. We must assume that the
SP registers are also pointing to RAMTOP-6
as the ROM RETURN command routine would
not work if this were not true. Looking at
Figure No. 2, you can see how the GOSUB
command has slipped the GOSUB line number
plus one onto the bottom of the GS stack,
moving the first item of the M stack down
two addresses. A GOSUB line number plus
one, once used, is written over by moving
the first item on the M stack up two ad-
dresses and changing the pointers SP and
ERR_ SP. For example enter NEW and then
enter the following lines into the com-
puter:
40 GOSUB 30
2@ STOP
30 PRINT "THE RETURN REMOVES THE GOSUB
LINE NUMBER +4 FROM THE GS STACK’!
49 RETURN
RUN the program. If you PEEK the four ad-
dresses below RAMTOP and ERR SP you will
find that their contents are again the
same as Figure No. 1. If the two bytes of
the first item on the GS stack (0 and 62)
and the two bytes of the first item of the
M stack (118 and 6) are in conjunction as
in Figure No. 1, and a RETURN command is
encountered in the BASIC program, then an
error report 7 (RETURN without a corres—
ponding GOSUB) is generated. The ROM rou-
tine tests only for the high byte 62. As
62*256=15872, this is beyond the normal
maximum line number 9999. It is possible
to use higher line numbers by working from
the top of the program and POKEing 16509
with the high byte of the line number and
POKEing 16510 with the low byte as each
line is entered with a normal line number.
In this case, line numbers with a high
byte of 62 must not be used with a GOSUB
command. If the two bytes of the first
item on the GS stack and two bytes of the
first item on the M stack are seperated by
the two bytes of a GOSUB line numbertl,
then the next line after the GOSUB line is
executed when the RETURN command is
countered.
What is that 118 and 6?
we know that an item on the M
en-
To find out,
stack con-
sists of two bytes, the low byte in the
lower address and the high byte in the
higher address. So 118+256%*6=1654. The
addresses in the ROM run from 0 to 819d.
Let us use the 1654 as an address in a
machine code program and see what happens.
4 REM 123
40 RAND USR 16514
20 PRINT "THE ADDRESS 1654 STARTS THE
EXECUTION OF THE NEXT BASIC LINE OF THE
PROGRAM" ,
Now in the immediate mode, POKE
lowing into the REM line:
the fol-
Z80 assembler
POKE 16514,195 JP NN : GOTO
POKE 16515,118 N : 118+
POKE 16516,6 N : 256*6=1654
4
RUN the program and you will see the an-
swer on the screen. Note that using a 118
in the machine code messes up the display,
but the program still runs.
Since the M stack expands downward in
memory as items are added to it or to the
GS stack and then, in effect, contracts as
items on the stacks are no longer needed,
but not withdrawn, a trail of garbage is
left behind. This garbage is written over
the next time the stack expands. Turn off
your computer and then power up again.
Using the immediate command, PEEK into the
address that is the value of your RAMTOP
minus 50. You should find 129. PEEKing be-
iow this address you will find only zeros.
(Unless you PEEK all the way down to the
top of the Calculator stack. This means
that in the itialization ROM routine, the
M stack was expanded down to this address.
Now enter and run the following program,
changing line 10 to the applicable values
for your RAM memory:
49 FOR N=(your RAMTOP-5@) TO (your RAM-
ToP-5)
20 POKE N,o
30 PRINT PEEK N;' ":
4Q NEXT N
What happens is that between the time
0 is poked into the M stack and the value
at address N is peeked, the M stack is
being used by the ROM routines which are
much faster than BASIC, PEEK again, using
the immediate command, into the address of
your RAMTOP-50. Once again the value at
that address is not 0 but 129. Peeking
below that address there are only zeros.
From this we can deduce that coming out of
a BASIC program, the ROM routines use the
M stack down to RAMTOP-50 and that the
little program did not expand the M stack
below this point. So the upper limit of
the safe area for this program is: RAMTOP-
Sl.
A MONITOR ADAPTER FOR THE T/S 1500
mes jets
[es Caf fo a afer |
Me
by Dick Wagner
have
For several years, publications
carried articles on connecting T/S 1000
and ZX81 computers to monitors, to improve
the quality of screen image that some TVs
lack. There have been mainly 2 approaches,
(1) install a complex converter to give a
reverse screen image of white on black,
(2) install a simple transistor adapter to
match the computer output to the low
pedance of the monitor. This gives a
mal screen. Number 2 is the easiest and
the method is described. On a T/S 1000
the procedure is to tap pin 16 on the Sin-
clair special IC. 5
im-
nor-
The literature seems to have neg-
lected the T/S 1500. Possibly because the
RF modulator is special, or possibly be-
cause of the weak signal provided by the
newer SCL IC. The writer has converted two
T/S 1500 computers with satisfactory per-
formance; one with a B&W Zenith monitor,
and one with a NEC color monitor.
This article is not a detailed in-
struction of my method, so if the reader
is not well versed in handling circuit
boards and components, it is recommended
that you get help from a member of your
users group, an amature radio operator, or
someone in the radio and IV service
ness.
Only a few parts are
first step is to obtain
resistor, cable and phono
and
222
The
but
busi-
required. The
the transistor,
plug or jack,
some wire. The transistor is type 2N2-
which is Radio Shack number 276-2009
resistor is a 1/4 watt 220 ohm size,
may be 270 to 330 ohms. The phono jack
can be R-S type 274-337 if the T/S cable
is to be used for monitor connection. A
short shielded audio cable (6-8 inches)
will provide the computer connection with
the jack on the free end. If it is desired
to install a single cable to the monitor,
then use R-S 42-2370. This provides a
matching plug to fit the monitor jack.
To assemble the adapter, fit the
sistor to the flat of the the
cutting one wire lead to solder to the
emitter lead, close to the transistor's
body. Trim close to the solder connection
if the resistor lead protrudes. Do not cut
the transistor lead at this time.
Strip the outer insulation from the
audio cable, about 3/4 in., and twist the
shield wire together. Strip 1/8 in. from
the core insulation and solder the center
wire to the emitter lead. This lead should
be insulated and brought parallel with the
re-
transistor,
resistor. Cut excess wire from this con-
nection. The other end of the resistor
should be soldered to the twisted sheild
of the audio cable. These connections will
give an output from emitter and will also
ground the resistor. The resistor con-
nection should be close to the cable, to
leave the twisted shield for another con-
nection. Using two light-insulated wires
(like 30 gauge wire wrap), make your con-
nections to the transistor base and col-
lector leads after they have been short-
ened. These two wires can be 2-3 inches
long. Follow the lead positions as per R-S
package.
The assembled module should be insul-
ated so no bare wires are exposed. Wires
within the module also should be insulated
from each other. Heat shrink tubing or
plastic tape can be used. The assembly
should have two leads of light gauge wire
coming out of one end. These should be
marked some way...the transistor collector
is +5 volts and the base lead. The other
end has the signal out and the ground wire
(shield). The shield can have a short but
heavier wire (20-24 gauge) soldered to it
at this time. This will be a ground wire
and a strain relief. 16
Modulator
Sox
‘fo transistor
SE
To trans.
GOLLECTOR
R_30
Gonnection Detail
Disassemble the 1500 case by removing
five screws and carefully remove the two
ribbon cables from their connector blocks.
then remove one screw to release the cir-
cuit board from the base. With the com-
ponent side up, determine the location of
resistor R30. It is close to the inside
corner of the modulator box. Connections
will be made to each end of this resistor.
The end closest to the modulator box will
be connected to the base of the transistor
and the other end is +5 volts. See the
diagrams for location.
Now make the connections noted above.
Be sure the leads are correct before sold-
ering. Solder with light heat, so the cir-
cuit board connections will not be damaged
as a result. Cut the ground wire short, so
when soldered to the ground connection for
the jack, it will bring the module close
over the jack. The other wires must be
slack. Now apply power to the board and
connect to the monitor. The cursor will
show on the screen if everything is OK.
Exit to the rear when the circuit
board is installed in the bottom of the
case. Decide how to make the exit thru the
top rear. If the cable is small enough
(1/8 in. dia.) then it can use the same
notch for the modulator cable. Light fil-
ing may be required to get around the mod-
ulator box. If the cable is heavier, file
ee
a notch in the back between the jack and
modulator box. Connect the keyboard cables
using needle nose pliers. Be most careful
not to bend the cables sharply. If a cable
is damaged, noted by a crack in the trace,
use a sharp knife to separate the insul-
ator cover-on the cable. About 3/16 in.
will do, and trim with some sharp thin
scissors. €ut the cable at the crack so
there will.be a new end.
For further reference:
The Explorers Guide To The ZX81
The Best Of Sync
Sync Vol. 3 No. 4
SyneWare News Vol. i
a TE a
HARDWARE
ZEBRA GRAPHICS TABLET FOR 2068
Have you been looking for a way to do
screen displays easier than figuring the
PLOT and DRAW positions? This may be the
way to accomplish the task. The ZEBRA
GRAPHICS TABLET is the same one that you
may have seen for other computers (also
known as the KoalaPad). The system for the
Timex/Sinclair 2068 comes with a software
program on cassette called "ZPAINT", and a
small interface with two RS-232 type (DIN)
sockets.
The ZPAINT program allows you to draw
pictures using a pen type (narrow one-
pixel width) stroke, or a brush type (wide
width) stroke. The basic. 2068 colors can
be used to draw the border and then to
“draw” in color. CIRCLE is used by select-
ing that option and placing the cursor
(with the use of the supplied stylus) at
the location of the center of the circle,
and pressing one of the buttons on top of
the Graphics Tablet. Then by placing the
cursor at the location of the circumfer-
ence of the circle and pressing the button
a second time, the circle will be drawn
automatically. The “pen”, and to a certain
extent, the “brush” option, put extraneous
pixels or “marks” on the screen. However,
these can be cleaned up by selecting the
white color and redrawing over the marks.
I also had the opportunity to use the
“TECH DRAW" and “CIRCUS COLORING BOOK"
software programs (supplied as a free bo-
nus with Graphics Tablet purchase). Al-
though the TECH DRAW program only draws in
black and white, it has many more features
than ZPAINT. There are six separate menus,
one for drawing, one for brush selection
(sixteen possible types), one for shading
(thirtyfive possible patterns), a Text
reviewed by Dennis Jurries
Actual "dood!ings" using the Zebra Graphics Tablet
menu, a Line menu, and an I/O menu (to
select printer type, LOAD or SAVE screen).
This program is fantastic, but has the
erroneous mark problems that ZPAINT has...
and must be corrected the same way. See
the attached figures. Figure number one is
the emblem of the Clackamas County Area
Timex/Sinclair User's Group. The next fig-
ure (no. 2) shows an attempt (incomplete)
at tracing the same emblem in a larger
size. No corrections were made. You can
see that the fine brush size made more er-
roneous marks. These marks can be cleaned
up, and I believe that with more practice
and experience with the Graphics Tablet
(and TECH DRAW), great improvements in the
figures that are drawn can be made.
The CIRCUS COLORING BOOK software has
17 several screen pictures dealing with the
er
SOFTWARE
ZIP BASIC COMPILER
reviewed by Michael E. Carver
@LACKAMAS
The resident language in the T/S 2068
is Sinclair BASIC (an altered version of
Microsoft BASIC). BASIC is a relatively
easy language to learn and thus an easy
means of communicating with the micro-
processor. The microprocessor can perform
approximately 1/2 a million operations per
second. Then, why is BASIC so slow? The
processor only uses two numbers (1 and 0).
Most humans cannot easily communicate or
think in pure binary, and thus we need
other "languages" in order to talk with
our computer. Many microprocessor oper-
ations are lost while the computer labor-
iously translates from BASIC into machine
code. Most programs you buy (especially
games) are programed in machine code, by-
passing BASIC, and are 100's of times
faster than any BASIC program you can
write. Enter the compilers...
Compilers translate programs written
in BASIC into machine code, eliminating“™
the need to re-translate each time the
program is run. ZIP is a program available
for the T/S 2068 which can convert BASIC
programs into fast-running machine code.
The manual included with ZIP contains
benchmark results (run on the Sinclair
Spectrum) of BASIC vs. a British version
of ZIP, showing speed ratios from 111:1 to
213:1. ZIP is an integer-based compiler
(i.e., it only uses whole numbers--no
fractions or floating point arithmetic).
This compiler is an enhanced version of
one published in the British magazine,
"Your Spectrum".
As an integer-based compiler, there
are many commands which are not available.
There are no mathematical functions avail-
able beyond +,-,*,/. You will not be able
to compile programs containing any trig-
onometry functions (TAN, COS, SQR, ect.).
Numbers are limited to the range of -327
67 to 32767 (though the range of +/- 65535
is allowed if these numbers are not PRINT-
ed, multiplied or divided). There are many
other Keywords you may find necessary in-~
some programming which also cannot be com-
1 piled. Unfortunately, the manual does not
Join us for a one year anniversary celebration... list all of the commands which are not
allowed. Trial and er and ie comm
NEXT ISSUE 1 18 ol 1a. ror som: ion
figure no. 2
circus in it. The object is to color in
the pictures. This program could keep
young children busy for several hours, but
outside of that, I can find no pratical
use for it.
I took TECH DRAW and COLORING BOOK to
the last User's Group meeting, and showed
two kids aged between 8 and 12 some of the
basic commands. Two hours later they were
showing me features that I didn't know how
to use yet! All in all, the ZEBRA GRAPHICS
TABLET and TECH DRAW are excellent, and
can be of great help to those who are us~
ing a lot of screen displays. It can be
fun too.
The Graphics Tablet is available from
Zebra Systems, Inc., 78-06 Jamaica Ave.,
Woodhaven, NY 11421. Phone (718) 296-
2385. Price is $89.95 and with each pur-
chase, a free TECH-DRAW software cassette
is included. O4
SVevs
TIME DESIGN
1S
Pwr
“includes an
\_AND, INKEY$. Some programmers
sense must be your guide. Some of the
other commands which are not compilable
are: READ, DATA, DEF FN, CIRCLE (nor arcs
using DRAW-though straight lines with DRAW
is acceptable), SCREEN$, SAVE, LOAD, BEEP,
will find
the absence of character strings a major
drawback. With proper programming, one can
overcome many of these shortcomings (i.e.,
store character codes in a numerical array
and print them with a FOR/NEXT loop using
PRINT CHR$ A(X)). You are limited to 26
single-letter variables and 26 single-
dimensioned arrays. Arrays must be DIM'ed
with the program listing by constants and
cannot be re dimensioned, as their storage
area is reserved during compilation. The
manual does includs routines to simulate
INKEY$, RND, BEEP and STICK. It is also
possible to access BASIC or machine code
routines from within a compiled program.
The manual states there is room for a
“little under 13k" of a BASIC program for
compiling, occupying lines 1-4999. In
actuality, I found there is only room for
about 10.7k, but this left insufficient
memory for ZIP to compile. I had to reduce
the BASIC program to about 8k before ZIP
could completely compile my program. There
is approximately 10.5k of memory to store
a compiled program and variables. ZIP also
“optimizer”, which provides
for faster running programs. According to
the manual, removing this from the package
will allow about 2k more of BASIC for com-
piling. Again I found this to be an over-
statement. After removing the optimizer, I
only discovered about 1K available.
Programs that are compiled by ZIP run
at speeds approaching those of well-writ-
ten machine code, but actual compiling can
be a slow process. of course, you will
have hopefully removed all bugs by testing
the program in BASIC and will only have to
compile once. Included with ZIP is a demo
game (written in BASIC) to be compiled
using ZIP. The listing of the demo game
is a little over 3k and took about 31 min.
to compile. (It appears that ZIP is writ-
ten entirely in BASIC.) First there is a
check of the BASIC itself. Checks are made
for correct KEYWORDS and any translation
is done before actual compilation begins.
There are seven error reports possible
during this stage and any illegal KEYWORDS
are pointed out, allowing correction be-
fore continuing. This process took about
6-3/4 min. to complete. The rest of the
time was involved in converting the 3k of
BASIC into appoximately 3k of me. Error
reports are also provided during the final
stage of compiling.
Aside from the differences in the
amounts of memory available, I found that
ZIP lived up to its claims. It is fairly
easy to use and “user friendly” with its
error messages. If the Timex ROM discovers
a syntax error while running a compiled
program, you will receive a normal Sin-
clair BASIC error report. It will not re-
ort the exact location of the error, only
its nature.
ZIP is not a program for a novice
BASIC programmer. One who knows how to
manipulate a limited BASIC into a code
that produces expanded results is best
suited as a ZIP user. For those of you who
would like to market a program, but feel
your knowledge or the time involved in de-
veloping machine code is holding you back,
the authors of ZIP allow you to sell any
programs compiled by ZIP, no fees requir-
ed...or perhaps you just want to speed up
some of those interesting (but slow) BASIC
programs in magazines or books...then ZIP
may be for you. Before committing yourself
to any particular compiler, be sure you
can live with its limitations. (Note:
There are very few compilers available for
the T/S 2068. I know of a few available
for the Spectrum, on which can _ handle
strings and multi-length variable names,
but not FOR/NEXT loops.)
Though ZIP was not designed as a
machine code tutor, I found it can be
quite the instructor. One can compile a
series of BASIC commands and using a mon-
itor, disassemble the compiled code, and
receive some enlightening lessons in writ-
ing mc routines.
ZIP comes in a book sized plastic
case with one cassette (containing ZIP and
a demo game) and documentation. I had no
problems in loading my copy on the first
attempt. The program was written by Simon
N. Goodwin and Jon A. Smith and is avail-
able from Knighted Computers, 707 Highland
St., Fulton, NY 13069, (phone 315-593-
8219), for $16.50+$3.00 for s&h (any size
order).
book review by Dick Wagner
Minute Manual For The Dot Matrix Printer
Author-Jim Pirisino
Publisher- Minute Ware
Eight Chapters/164 pages
Price-$12.95
The author of MINUTE MANUAL FOR THE
DOT MATRIX PRINTER covers the dot matrix
printer principles in 118 pages of well
written text. His intent is to provide the
reader with some knowledge on the subject
so a suitable printer can be purchased.
Also, he provides a very good background
for printer use. Printer features include:
print quality, types of print, character
sets as graphics and foreign, line spacing
and form control. He also goes into print
ing speed and tests, IBM compatability,
noise, and the ability to handle forms.
Very little technical information is
given on interfacing. The author does
cover the need for interfacing and brings
out that this should be considered “part
of the computer cost". Some computers come
equipped with parallel and/or serial in-
terfacing built in.
Chapters 5 and 6 are probably the
meat of the book in that they cover the
subject of printer codes, those mysterious
numbers and symbols that make the printer
recognize computer commands, are discussed
in detail. Probably all of the commonly
available 80 column printers use ESC as
part of the code system. At least the
printer manufacturers have agreed on this,
if not on the number codes. ESC is gen-
erated by a special key on the computer
that changes the meaning of a character,
so that the printer itself will recognize
it as special. .
Our 2068 computers do not have the
ESC feature, so we are dependent on soft-
ware to work it out. There are probably
knowledgeable people who know how to im-
plant ESC into a 2068 program using LPRINT
or COPY to do «certain commands such’ as
double-width, ect.
The author uses specific comparisons
20
to show how various makes of printers,
even different models, differ in such
things as type shape, what they can and
cannot do, and the problem of combinin
printers with computers that don't use the \
same methods for LPRINT, ect.
The remaining 45 pages are used in
covering in detail certain models of Ep-
son, Gemini, NEC, Okidata, Apple and Pro-
writer printers. Some comparison is made
betwee certain models of the same make to
show differences. The book ends with a
comparison chart that the reader can fill
out for any printer being considered for
purchase.
I was in need of “printer education",
after purchasing an Olivetti printer and
this book was a great help in deciphering
the user manual. This book can help you
select a printer and operate it. After
all, printers are a specialty, and very
little information has surfaced for a per-
son to use in operating a printer.
USERS GROUP UPDATE
If your Timex/Sinclair Users Group hasn't been listed
In TIME DESIGNS before, such as the directory In the
March/April 85 issue, or an update...please send us
the Information so that we cen mention you. We hav”
added new members to groups because of this listing.
Here are some additional ones to add to your list:
Richmond Area Timex/Sinclair Users Group
4201 Old Hundred Rd.
PO Box 325
Chester, VA 23831
Contact: Walter E. Styles
TAS BAM User's Group, Inc.
PO Box 644
Safety Harbor, FL 33572
publishes newsletter "Keyboards"
Starting a new T/S Group in Philadelphia
Contact: Darryl L. Butler
D.L.B. Enterprises
PO Box 53490
Philadelphia, PA 19105
Waterloo/Wellington (Ontario, Canada)
Timex/Sinclair User's Group
645(B) Silverbirch Rd.
Waterloo, Ontario a
Canada
N2L 4R4
Contact: Brett Lidstone
First of all, some user
correspondence:
Bob Welburn of Lake Worth, FL writes,
“I purchased an emulator from Jack Keene,
Dallas, TX, and found it to be terrific!
Simply insert in the T/S 2068 cartridge
port. It has it's own on/off switch with
LED indicator light. Good buy for $35."
Syd Wyncoop of Portland, OR writes,
"I have just received a new adventure
puzzle from Software Supermarket, titled
EVERYONE'S A WALLY. It is even better than
WALLY for those of you familiar with the
first version...by mistake, I found out it
runs on the [stock] 2068. I then investi-
gated WALLY, and found it also runs on the
[stock] 2068."
Also, Dave Maccarone of Damco Enter-
prises sent the letter that appears at the
bottom/right hand column of this page.
In the "What's New?" Dept.: Bob Dyl
reports that he is holding a free give-
~ way for all members of his EMC software
club. The prize? A brand new Spectrum!
Also, Bob reported that Doug Dewey's Sin-
clair Microdrive Adapter board will be en-
cased (in a plastic box). “ARTWORX", a
graphics design software package, that has
been previously offered for the T/S 2068
here in the U.S., is now available in a
Spectrum version, To contact Bob Dyl, to
receive additional details on his products
and software club, write or call- English
Micro Connection, 15 Kilburn Court, New-
port, RI 02840, (401) 849-3805.
Damco Enterprises has a new emulator/
peripheral adapter combination called the
"Rainbow plus Interface". One module that
plugs into the back of the 2068 will give
the user both Spectrum emulation (with an
on/off switch), and rear-card interfacing
for Spectrum out-board equipment.
‘Two new items are available
tronics Wafadrive owners. The first one is
a 35 page booklet entitled “Engineering
Bulletin".:It has chapters that cover info
not included in the original user's guide.
or example, routines to assist in making
“copies of Tasword and Masterfile on Wafa-
drive. The booklet is priced at $4.50 and
for Ro-
a
DAMCO ;-=
includes postage and future updates. The
second item is a fully-automatic tape
transfer utility program called "Trans-
Express". It is reported to allow the user
to make copies of commercial programs on
cassette tape, to the wafar format. It is
priced at $19.95. Both items are available
from Damco.
Russell Electronics (RD 1, Box 539,
Centre Hall, PA 16828) has a “Gamesmate
Joystick Interface" for $19.95. It plugs
into the 2068 cartridge port, and works
with Spectrum software that has the Kemp-
ston joystick option. Use any joystick
for the 2068 (Atari-style).
In Search Of Trivial Facts Dept.:
Sept. '85 “Computer Buyer's Guide" reports
that there are now "nearly 3,000 programs
for the Commodore 64". Hold that Phone! A
2068/Spectrum has over 5,500 software pro-
grams to choose from.
Ney Ct_ Poll River, Moss. 02720=(617) 678-2110
AN OPEN LETTER TO POTENTIAL WAFADPIVE OWNERS.
It has been brought to our attention, that there have been
a mumber of faine rumors regarding the difficulties and problent
with the WAFADFIVE aystem being placed on the various bulletin
board services and neve letters, We have recently tearnes that
the ingustises o 0 on the WAFADRIVE have been created
by @istributors and manufactures of storage systems envious of
the features of the WAFADKIVE. We at DAMCO would never use this
type of deception to slander @ competitors product.
Here at DANCO ve have Deen hard at work tc provide our
Customers with continuing support. We are constantly working
with ROTRONICS as veil as other Engiish companies tc obtain the
fatest information on the WAFADFIVE and related products.
stable customers a fully
automatic transfering progran allowing almost al! programs te be
easily transfered trom cassette tc eater, We have algo COM: led
2 3€ page manual full of tips anc prograns fron Engiané designed
to beep ouners up to date with the latest information.
We currently have @
te our
The WAFADRIVE has received numericus awards including
“PERIPHERAL OF THE YEAS" by the Computer Trades Association. It
was prefered over the Sinclair Mcrodrives by one Englaat
magazi nc voted “BEST BUY” by another.
But, if you still nave any questions or doubts, please
us. Or better yet ash the major Times magazines. They ai!
WAFADRIVE and have given it very favorable reviews. Don't
a0 by these faise rumors. The WATADFIVE systen has a lot
gerng for it and is undeserving of this type cf unethical
tactics.
Sincerely,
Dave Maccarone
DARCC ENTERER SES
SPECTRUM SOFTWARE
AMERICAN FOOTBALL 22:0!" [titel iit Sebieat feeritan
the program American
reviewed by Tim Woods Football comes with a 16 page guide en-~
titled "A Guide To Understanding’ American
Football". The wording is sometimes a bit
odd.
The game of American Football itself,
is similar to a program that used to be on
the Timex label for the T/S 1000 called
“Strategy Football". This version is much
more sophisticated. To “play", you must
choose from a menu what offensive or de-
fensive move you would like to make. The
key to winning, is to try and "“outguess"
what play your opponent will try and go
for. Your opponent can either. be a friend
or the computer itself. 7
The action on the screen is simulated
by tiny pixel-ated players. One of the
problems with this game, is that the op-
posing teams don't “huddle” facing each
other, but rather on the sides of the
field.
A lot of work has gone into making
this game authentic. It is played from the
view of a team coach (or like one of those
guys that sit up in the box seats witt
headphones on). With a set number of plays
to choose, the game becomes predictable
after awhile. I think that I would opt for
a type of computer football game that is
in-3-D like the "MATCH POINT" soccer game.
Over-all, AMERICAN FOOTBALL is an in-
er acka, h onic een dis-
root for. I remember watching a TV neve Piss: ‘ands loteaf Little extrass.vand at
interview with some English youth that a good price too!
were playing the game of football (non Available from: The English Micro
soccer version) in a neighborhood lot. The Connection, 15 Kilburn Court, Newport, RI,
broadeas ter asked, "How do you like the 02840, for $13.95+$1.00 for postage.
game?" One very muddy-appearing young man
I obtained this program because it
sounded like a good "warm-up" for a cer-
tain interest (or “habit” as some may like
to call it) that I have in the Fall. You
may have guessed by now, that it is Pro
Football, but I will not bore you with de-
tails about my favorite team (except that
they are from the northwest, wear blue
jerseys, and made it to the play-offs last
year!).
AMERICAN FOOTBALL is a Spectrum pro-
gram on cassette that is published by the
Argus Press Software Group (ZX Computing).
What makes this program sort of unique, is
that the British are just now starting to
appreciate our brand of "football". They
even have organized minor league teams to
STILL SUBSCRIBE TODAY !
$15 year GET SIX ISSUES OF TIME DESIGNS DELIVERED TO YOUR OWN
MAILBOX: Send coupon or a copy, along with a check or
SIX BI-MONTHLY n/o for $15 (U.S. FUNDS ONLY) to the address below.
; bee rite PLEASE PRINT NEATLY
a savings 0 . i) OM
(CHECK ONE) regular newsstand price TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE COMPANY
29722 Hult Rd.e Colton, Oregon 97017
—— NEW SUBSCRIBER
——_ RENEWAL
Name EN,
Address
City, State Zip
22
THE SHOPPING MART
The bi-monthly "shopper" featuring hardware, software, and special
services for the Timex/Sinclair line of computers. Our advertisers
are very dedicated to serving you the customer. They are also re-
sponsible for keeping our little computers "alive and well", with
new products and competitive pricing. Time Designs suggests that:
1. Write for their catalogs and more information 2. Tell them that
you "saw" their ad in TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE (they will appreciate
that...and so will we) 3. Buy their products.
DEALERS/RETAILERS: For display ad information, call (503) 824-2658, or write to
Time Designs Magazine, 29722 Hult Rd., Colton, OR 97017.
eee (
ADVERTISERS
SEPT/OCT '85 ISSUE
Knighted Computers
Weymi! Corporation
Jack Keene
Russell Electronics
Jim Clatfelter
Bale rossi car GET SERIOUS WITH YOUR MODEM!
Se ar ats MINI XMOD 1.5 allows your Westridge/ Byte-
William Erickson Back modem to up/download Timex programs
Wad Data Systens) to any XModem Protocol BBS. Fully documented
tate with easy to follow instructions written for the
JRC Software layman. 16/64K versions included. Ideal for
Paul Hunter Storage in Hunter Board. Produced on high
of eee aan quality cassette. For ZX81, TS1000, TS1500.
Se et ae wee Specify Westridge or Byte-Back Version. Only
English Micro Connection $20.00.
TE TOTO WEYMIL Corp., Box 5904, Bellingham, WA
THE SWITCHBOARD IS NOW 98227-5904
AVAILABLE TO ALLOW THE USE OF
SPECTRUM AND 2068 ROMS
WITHOUT HAVING 10 OFEN YOUR
COMPUTER EVERY TIME YOU WANT
TO CHANGE. LESS RISK. Less
TROUBLE. NO SOLDERING. CLEAR
NSTRUCTIONS. SWITCHBOARD ONLY
18 #17. ROM ONLY IS #20,
SWITCHBOARD AND RUM ARE $35.
ALL PRICES ARE FOSTFAID,
SEND CHECK GR MONEY ORDER TO:
~ fe J. KEENE
N H
N 3515 INGLESIDE ORIVE
DALLAS, TEXAS 75229
IMPOSSIBLE? NOT NOW!
Color on your black & white TV? Yes with CHROMASOFT,
Experimental graphics program for TS1000/1500/ZXB1 (16K).
Up to 9 colors.
Send $14,95* to see & believe.
WINKY BOARD improved! Higher volume duplication of low
volume cassettes. Copy any cassette. Invaluable loading aid for
TS2068, ZX Spectrum, TS1000/1500, ZXB0/81. Easy plug-in interface
$20.95"
ROMSWITCH plus your TS2068 = 2 computers. Choose ZX
‘Spectrum or TS2068 with keyboard switch. ROMSWITCH plugs
inside TS2068. Fast, easy, elegant. No soldering, etc. Practically
100% ZX. Spectrum software compatible.
$45.*
Add joystick action and control. GAMESMATE interface, plus
joystick, plus Spectrum program with Kempston option and
TS2068/Romswitch or Spectrum ROM = a winner!
GAMESMATE joystick interface $19.95*
SPEECH RECOGNITION SYSTEM for 152068 or TS1000/1500
$29.95". For speech activated games, contact us.
—Spectrum Manual $14.*
ZXLRE fastload—TS1000/ZX81, TS1500 using TS1000 ROM.
$10.50*
*Shipping included in US & Canada.
FREE Catalog lists hardware, software & sale iterns. Write/phone
RUSSELL ELECTRONICS, RD1 Box 539, Centre Hall PA 16828
(814) 364-1325 Mon.-Sat. 10 a.m.-7.p.m.EST MC/Visa, Check, MO
Look
* VIEWord * MAIList * FORMail
VIEWord is a versatile word
processor for the TS-2068. It has a
full range of editing features
including block cut and paste.
Tabs, centering, printer codes,
headers, page numbering and more.
MAIList sorts and prints 200 mailing
labels. FORMail uses VIEWord and
MAIList files to print customized
form letters. Use TS-2040 or AERCO
parallel interface with 80 column
printer.
All 3 programs for just $25!
BANNERS prints 6 inch letters with
AERCO interface and 80 column
printer and continuous form paper.
Just $10!
Send check or money order to:
Jim Clatfelter, 3361 Sand Ridge Rd
Placerville CA 95667
A whole new world awaits you
at the end of the
Rainbow!!
RAINBOW plus INTERFACE combines
improved Spectrum ROM emulation PLUS a
Spectrum compatible expansion connector
ALL-IN-ONE compact case! No need to open
the computer—frees the cartridge
dock—allows switching between modes
without removing. Run thousands of Spectrum
programs PLUS Spectrum hardware. ONLY
$49.95 + $2.00 S&H
SPECTRUM HARDWARE FOR USE WITH
THE NEW RAINBOW plus:
*DAMCO/ROTRONICS WAFADRIVE—Fast
reliable 128K dual drive storage system
Includes Centronics and RS232 ports plus a
FREE word processor and biank wafer. ONLY
$154.95 + $5.00 S&H
*GAMES PLAYER JOYSTICK INTERFACE
by d’ktronics. Kempston compatible features
freeze” and slow mouon control. ONLY
$19.95 + $2.50 S&H
“HIGH RES LIGHT PEN by d’ktronics.
Produce high resolution illustrations with the 16
pre-defined instructions. Complete with
software. ONLY $29.95 + 2.50 S&H.
*SPEECH SYNTHESIZER AND AMPLIFIER
by d’ktronics. Includes text to speech
converter. Everything you wish to be spoken is
entered in normal English. Supplied with a high
quality 4” speaker. ONLY $34.95 + $2.50 S&H
“THREE CHANNEL SOUND SYNTHESIZER
by d’ktronics. Allows you to program your own
music with harmonies, explosions, zaps,
chimes, whistles etc. With software and a high
quality 4” speaker. ONLY $39.95 + $2.50 S&H.
“Spectrum compatibie intertace required for Timex 2068.
TO ORDER send check, money order, VISA,
or MASTERCARD. Please include postage as
shown. No more than $5.00 postage required
per order
DAMCO ENTERPRISES
67 BRADLEY CT., FALL RIVER, MASS.
02720
or call (617) 678-2110.
‘e
i
ZEBRA Disk Drive System for TS2068
Box of Ten (10) 3" Diskettes for ZEBRA Disk Drive
ZEBRA GRAPHICS TABLET for TS2068
Includes FREE TS2068 Tech—Draw Software Cassette!
ZEBRA TALKER Voice Synthesiser for TS2068
ZEBRA TALKER Voice Synthesiser for TS1000
Optional Speaker/Amplifier for ZEBRA TALKER
SPECTRUM EMULATOR CARTRIDGE
Send for our free Spectrum Software & Book Catalog...
WESTRIDGE 2050 Modem for the TS2068
Includes FREE TS2068 MTERM II Advanced Communications Program!
COMPLETE GUIDE TO MTERM II By Barry Carter
MSCRIPT TS2068 Wordprocessor
The BEST 64 Column Wordprocessor for your TS2068 Computer! Requires Aerco or
Tasman Parallel Printer Interface and any 80 Column Printer.
ZPRINT—80 High Resolution Screen Dump Program
ZPRINT—80 will print grey—scale reproductions of any color screen to your 80—Column
printer. Includes High and Low memory TS2068 and Spectrum Versions and is compatible
with AERCO, TASMAN, and A & J Centronics Printer Interfaces. Also includes advanced
80 Column LLIST and LPRINT Printer Drivers. ZPRINT—80 is twice as fast as
TASCOPY, prints a better grey—scale dump and supports more Printer Interfaces too!
AVAILABLE NOVEMBER 1985 .
GREETING CARD DESIGNER for the TS2068 $ 29.95
Use your TS2068 with an AERCO, TASMAN, and A & J Printer Interface with an
EPSON, STAR MICRONICS, MEMOTECH, SEIKOSHA and C—ITOH 8510 Printer to
design and print Custom Greeting Cards for any occasion! Use built—in Graphic Icons or
design your own! Includes sample pack of Brightly Colored Paper and Envelopes!
AERCO TS2068 Centronics Printer Interface
TASMAN TS2068 Centronics Printer Interface
AVAILABLE SEPTEMBER 1985
OS—64 Enhanced Operating System Cartridge $ 29.95
OS-—64 turns your 32 Column TS2068 into a 64 Column Computer, PRINT, PRINT AT,
PRINT TAB, LIST, LLIST, LPRINT, and Program Editing commands work in 64
Columns. Parallel Printer Drivers for LLIST, LPRINT, and COPY (COPY for Epson
Compatibles only!) for AERCO, TASMAN and A & J Interfaces built-in!
Send for FREE 48 Page Timex Product Catalog
Please include $3.00 Shipping with all orders, C.O.D. Orders add $3.00.
NYS Residents add appropriate Sales Tax. We Accept VISA and MASTERCARD.
ZEBRA SYSTEMS, INC.
78-06 Jamaica Avenue Woodhaven, NY 11421 (718) 296-2385
44THE SANDSTONE FacTaRss
+4BASE-
SAHES
GHUTRRICG, CANADA.
Mbeat would you do if an Alien
decided to park his Spacecraft
suiside your Aparisent 7
Seed Fun
Great Graphics
Super Sound
Another Poser From SPIKE-SOFT
Uses 37K and is written
entireiy in Basic
On High Quality Futron Cassetie
corer cog
al
EEXEr
¥ ¥ a cal
G4 9994 92:04 2393
id 252
g
4
#4 TOGGLE ++ $14.95
+eGames Packs+ £19.95
To:- SPIKE-SOFT
PO BOX 38¢
HILTON, OHTAR
CRHADA. LOT-47
SOU RN ESUSURGSNBCSUREGREAMEHRS
TOE
WS
Gtt>tSe DSrtor~ mr SrIio mo tStSa SS
ATTENTION TEACHERS
Are you tired of loading separate tapes for
each class? Do you read the Sunday paper as
you wait for averages to be calculated?
WELL NO MORE!
T’“S GRADER can handle all your classes at one
time for each grading period. On the 2868 or on
the 18698 with more than 16k you may very well
load all your classes for the entire year! And
you can retrieve class or individual records in
about 1 second! Any record fits on one screen.
Have 46 students per class and as many as 66
grades per student plus bonus and demerit pts.
Grades can be weighted (each class differentiy)
altered, or deleted. Each class can be put in
alphabetical order and names can be changed,
deleted, or transfered. New students can be
added to any class im any position.
4
A new version for the 2668 has recently been
completed with many additional features.
#19.595 (2668) £15.95 (1686) ¢1 [Info sheet)
From Robert C Fischer, 221 Scoaqgins St
Summerville, Georgia BE74?
GUARANTEED
SOS eS eS tS 8S tS tt St eS 8S tS te tS
cou Ff O MN
MA G I C
© 1984 Bill Erickson
T7S 2068
A coupon file that holds 100 coupon descriptions with
up to 9% coupons in each. A shopping list section that
is worth the price all by its self. And a storage list
that helds 100 items and their locations,
While the other two files are great,
list is the one that gets aost of the work done.
the other two, it has on screen edit, but it also will
It will tell you approx,
check up on the other files.
how much money to take when you go to the store,
orint out a shopping list on your 2040 that can
up to 100 items with notation to tell you if you have
It also makes a notation if you
stored someplace, + it gives you a place
dy each item to check off as you put it in the cart.
User info on-screen at all tines for easy operation
a coupon for an ites,
have the
and @ great graphic desplay for
ap
BEND check or money order for $14.95 + $1.50 P&H
Tor Willian Erickson
1445 Oldfield Rd.
Decatur, 6A 30030
the shopping
QuarTerS
FOR TIMEX/SINCLAIR ENTHUSIASTS
PUBLISHED BY WMJ DATA SYSTEMS
on
T/S
Like
then
hold
One
language as it
computers.
tips and articles, For you...
publications,
software...
say,
great work."
year
$8.00
$11. oo(us$).
A quarterly publication with an emphasis
the
use of the BASIC computer
relates to the T/S
provides: programming
up to date
catalogs,
hardware and
QTs
products, | dealers,
reviews on
"QuarTerS was really impressive
this spring and I would like to
Keep up the
"Well done."
Gary Preston II,
Southern VA Timex
Users Network
subscription
(4 issues) only
Overseas
subscription only
Sample copy: $3.00. Check
or noney order to:
USEFUL FUN EASY TO USE
eneneoneononeomneneonone
GET BACK TO BASICS with
TS2068 Software asically
Multi-Draw 2068.
Zeus Assembler ......
Personal Accountant ....$24.95
Draw IL weccceeccecece ee $24.95
Home=Pac (20 Programs) .$29.95
Voice Chess $24.95
Gridrunner . $19.95
Quetzalcoatl $19.95
Smugglers Cove . $24.95
3D Strategy $24.95
+$24,95
$19.95)
TLAXX weeoee . $19.95
Trader ...... 0000 $19.95
Timegate cece cee eee ee 924.95
Starfire ........60.2..-.$19.95
Gulpman . --$19.95
Cyberzone . 2919.95
Cybird Assau --$19.95
XAdOM coeeecceceecceee ee 924.95
HARDWARE
ROMSWITCH -Add SPECTRUM capa-
bility to your TS2068 ..$54.95
RX-81 I/O Board - add input ani
output capability to your 2¥%81
TS1000 or TS2062
eBare Board
eAssembled and Tested ..$49.95
oeu#seseestesteesees
WMJ DATA SYSTEMS
Dept TD
4 Butterfly Drive
Hauppauge, NY 11788
JOIN THE QTS FAMILY
KEEP THE T/S WORLD ALIVE!
se@eseeoeseeksees##e?@
TS1000 Software
Quest for the Holy Grail & the
Elusive Mr. Big ....$17.95
soem
rogrammingyy greene Toolkit .....$14.95
Please include
check or money
order. Calif.
residents add
6% sales tax.
Please add
$2.50 shipping
and handling.
No COD's = US
funds only.
FOR COMPLETE
LISTING OF
PRODUCTS,
SEND FOR OUR
FREE CATALOG!
BP -
not abandoned
basic computer
users!
(714) 738-C 666
wees ccc s 60919695) 252
8 WwW.
Fullerton,
eu en
We have
Olive AvejAssembled and Tested
X Pro-File (16K to 64K) $16.95
Graph I & II .. 0 0$14.95
Graphics Kit...
Metagraphics .......
Home-Pac (20 Programs) ..$19.95
Biorhythms .......++000.2+-$14.95
Ephemeris V . «$14.95
Distacale ...eereves + $12.95
Teachers Gradebook 2 +$12.95
Profit Plan ........ + -$12.95
Superchess ..... $19.95
Damper & Glooper ........$ 9.95
Tee .....250- 20 0814.95
Timeblasters
3D Black Star
Mothership .
MAZOGS vececsecccrevceee 0919.95
2 $14.95
TS1000 HARDWARE
Buffered Buss Development Board
eBuffered expansion board wit,
seven expansion connection
eee eeccccesS 64.95
«$119.95
ca. 92633|Write for more information.
senonus ones og
1000/1500 SPECIALS
WHILE SUPPLY LASTS
STATE 1st» 2nd» 3rd CHOICE
SPEECH SYNTHESIZER......$17.95
left in
*TIMEX BRAND Plenty
stock at.......ea....
16K Ram Packs..$19.95 + $1 s/h
*INTERCOMPUTER ..Hopper> Tai»
Missile Launcher, Vegas/Jeop.,>
Return from Space, Ghost Hunt,
Eduventure 3...ea.......+-5.00
*SOFTSYNC..Red Alert, Stk Mkt
Calc, Math Raiders, Graphics
TK, and more...e@a.....222-9.95
*QUICKSILVA...Munchees, Croaka
Crawl.» Pioneer Tr..ea....3.00
ZX 81’s — Reconditioned with
power, leads, manual» 30 day
warranty.......$30 + $2.95 s/h
War in the East. $15.95
Textwriter 1000. wee $11.95
AlphaCom......$69.95 + 3.95s/h
stetotot 206 Boot
BLAN 2 wee wee eee eee eSLFLIS
tBuff telecomm. s/w.......9.95
(download to Tasword file)
Bugaboo or Xadom.....ea...9.95
Speech Synthesizer... 2 AlLD.95
MSCRIPT..... 2-25.95
Figaro II... 2 AD.9S
Fighter Pilot. 21.95
OmniEmu..... = 40.954
ROM Switch.. 2-45. 95+
oe Oe ey 4: eh co
see BOOK S / MAGS A
Hackers Handbook.........$8.95¢
CURRY COMPUTER
YOUR COMPLETE SINCLAIR STOCKIST
SPECTURM *«
Softaid.................8 9.95
Fourth Protocol.
Spy Hunter....
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Alien 8..
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Speed Duel........
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Gnasher..
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The Prince...
Battle of 1917
* Subject to Stock On
aestotok GIL tetotok
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WD Utilities..
QL Refs....
Terminal.
SB Extras
Graphi@QL.........222ee
Intro to SuperBASIC...
Mach. Code Prg. o/t @L
Making The Most o/t GL
@L Handbook.........05
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Exp. Art. Intel. o/t QL..12.95<
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>>Prices valid for 30 days from date of Fublication<<
/SW01180
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BANK SWITCHING OFERATING SYSTEM
FOR THE 2X81i/7Tsi000
*¥* = USE THE 48 TO 44K BLOCK OF MEMORY FOR BASIC PROGRAMS ane
nee CREATE A “VIRTUAL MEMORY" SYSTEM oer
pers AS DESCRIBED IN T S HORIZONS (March 1984 through March 1985) nee
eee USE WITH A 44K RAM PACK ane
Per OR BUILD A BANK-SWITCHED SYSTEM WITH LIMITLESS MEMORY Pry
re .
INTRODUCTION H !
The system is configured as shown in the diagram:
8 - 10K
BSOS operating system oF
(49106)
0 - 8K | 8 - 16x 16 - 32K 32 - 48K
a eee
C mands include:
directory 704 bytes
BSOS variables
a 49106 - 49151
Save Save a file from the BASIC system to the bank
LOAD Load a file back from the bank into the BASIC system
FruURGE Purge a file from the bank
RECLAIM Clear variables or a program (or part) from the BASIC system
rACcCK Repack the contents of the bank
BANK Change from one bank to another
Roor Determine space available in a bank
Quit Return to Sinclair BASIC system BANK 1 DIRECTORY
Seceeeensncusescecmeeaeneeneesan
NAME EXT ADDR SIZE
A sample directory listing the contents of At DIRECTORY .DIR149152:00704:
a bank is shown on the right. Some of the B1 SAVEROUTINE. PRG: 49856:001341
routines in BSOS can be called from within DEC-TO-HEX .PRG149990:003081
a BASIC program to create a virtual memory HEX-TO-DEC .PRGs50298:1001341
system —- so you can have a program larger CONVERSION .PRGs$0432:00750:
than 16K or a huge data file. A virtual
memory system allows the program to change
while it is running.
The program on the tape will transfer the
operating system to the 8-10K block; reset
RAMTOP to 49106; and load a directory (and
any routines already in the bank). The
LP is available for $10 ppd from:
HUNTER
1630 FOREST HILLS DRIVE
OKEMOS, MICHIGAN 48864
A:SAVE SiPURGE S:PACK 7:ROQM
2:LOAD 4:RECLAIM 6:BANK 8: QUIT
S_jjU_|iM
,
/ @elLINK
ia
INTERFACE CARD
™
WO-BY: CLIFFORD & ASSOCIATES
sy
~~ TS 2068
NOW ONLY $35 oo eto etc”
Z-LINK allows 2068 user to operate the Sinclair
Microdrives and many other English peripherals
designed for the Spectrum. Requires and works
with all types of Spectrum emulation, Including
ROMSWITCH and EMU. Easily plugs into rear port
of the 2068. Quality constructed.
«© Sinclair/Timex
User’s Magazine
Hardware Projects « Hardware Reviews
Software Reviews © Product Comparisons
Published Monthly « Back Issues Available
Free Personal Ads for Subscribers
SUM Magazine is aimed at Sinclair and Timex users who
want to learn what is available for their computers, how to
do things no one else is doing, and what is just over the
horizon. Examples of recent articles include: Building
your own Spectrum Emulator, an extensive series of
reviews on word processors for the 2068; adding an RGB
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SUM Magazine invites articles, reviews, and projects for
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Z-LINK bare board kit......$17 (free postage)
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Ot SINCLAIR ACCESSORIES LTD.
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Free Sample Copy on Request
SUM Magazine
3224 NW 30 Avenue — Gainesville, Florida 32605 29703 S. Salo Rd. Mulino, OR 97042 -
TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE now features CLASSIFIED ADS for your TIMEX/SINCLAIR
gear. Subscribers to Time Designs can place one free personal ad in each
each issue. Do you have some spare equipment you would like to sell? Do
you have a program that you have written, and would like to sell copies?
Maybe you are looking for something that you haven't been able to find.
Place an ad in THE CLASSIFIEDS! SUBSCRIBERS: ad size is 32 columns wide
(like 2040 paper) and maximum of six lines. Additional lines are $3 each.
NON-SUBSCRIBERS: $3 for each 32 col. line. DEALERS AND RETAILERS: $4 a 32
col. line (limit one classified ad per issue for dealers). DEADLINE FOR
CLASSIFIED ADS: two weeks before publishing date.
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NEXT ISSUE!
‘Back by Popular Demand
ZX81-KITS
$49.95
QUANTITY DISCOUNTS
AVAILABLE COMPLETE WITH ALL
PARTS & INSTRUCTIONS
LIMITED WARRANTY
AVAILABLE FROM:
SUNSET ELECTRONICS ZEBRA SYSTEMS
2254 Taraval Street 78-06 Jamaica Avenue
San Francisco, CA 94116 Woodhaven, NY 11421
. ~ (415) 665-6161 (718) 296-2385
Announcing!!
“English Micro Connection
Games Club”
. 1 Connection
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